The goal of this study is to assess the technical feasibility of remediating siloxane contaminants in biogas via a photochemical process. Specifically, we studied in the laboratory a process that involves the use of an ultraviolet (UV) photodecomposition reactor (PhoR) to convert siloxane trace impurities, commonly found in biogas produced in water treatment plants and landfills, into silica particulates. These can then be effectively removed from the reactor effluent with the use of a downstream filter. High siloxane conversions were obtained, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the technique. The proposed technology is presently being field-tested in a California landfill.
Emission controls that provide incentives for maximizing reductions in emissions of ozone precursors on days when ozone concentrations are highest have the potential to be cost-effective ozone management strategies. Conventional prescriptive emissions controls or cap-and-trade programs consider all emissions similarly regardless of when they occur, despite the fact that contributions to ozone formation may vary. In contrast, a time-differentiated approach targets emissions reductions on forecasted high ozone days without imposition of additional costs on lower ozone days. This work examines simulations of such dynamic air quality management strategies for NO(x) emissions from electric generating units. Results from a model of day-specific NO(x) pricing applied to the Pennsylvania-New Jersey-Maryland (PJM) portion of the northeastern U.S. electrical grid demonstrate (i) that sufficient flexibility in electricity generation is available to allow power production to be switched from high to low NO(x) emitting facilities, (ii) that the emission price required to induce EGUs to change their strategies for power generation are competitive with other control costs, (iii) that dispatching strategies, which can change the spatial and temporal distribution of emissions, lead to ozone concentration reductions comparable to other control technologies, and (iv) that air quality forecasting is sufficiently accurate to allow EGUs to adapt their power generation strategies.
The designed capacity of Jinan Citys wastewater treatment plant (the second sewage treatment plant) is 200,000 m3/d, and the biological treatment process is DE-type oxidation ditch process. Because of self-control requirements, equipment quality and management , alternat-ing operation of anoxia and oxygen can not be achieved. Acting in concert with the engineering of south-to-north water diversion and water quality improvement of the Xiaoqing River, water quality improvement and transformation of nitrogen and phosphorus removal process was condu-cted. By increasing the diversion wall, digestive reflux and other measures, the DE oxidat-ion ditch process was transformed into A2/O process, while the depth of V-efficiency fiber filter processing and chemical phosphorus removal process were increased. After the upgrade, the process is stable, the effluent quality reached an A standard of " discharge standard of pollutants for municipal wastewater treatment plant" (GB18918-2002).
This study aims at examining the performance of the ClO2 on treating ballast water of Dalian new port area foreign trade oil pool in the cases of different experimental parameters, and Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (CR), Gymnodinium catenatum (GC) and Gymnodinium cf. mikimotoi (GCM) are used for this experiment. The results shows that under certain test condition, the removal rates are in proportion to the dosage of ClO2 and reaction time, and inversely proportion to pH value, humic acid and ammonia nitrogen content. Accordingly, on operating at the optimal dosage of ClO2 and parameters of experiment, this process is proven to be an effective technology to remove these three algae and organic compounds in ballast water. In ballast water, the removal ability of ClO2 for these three algae is less sensitive to pH value, humic acid and ammonia nitrogen content than to ClO2 dosage and reaction time. Removing GC, GCM and CR with ClO2 are attributed to the second order reaction. Investigating the performance of such process, could serve to develop management strategies that enable mitigating the impacts of harmful substance in ballast water and help improving and ensuring quality of ballast water.
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