Duplication of MECP2 (Methyl-CpG-binding protein 2) causes severe mental illness called MECP2 duplication syndrome (MDS), yet the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here we show, in Tg(MECP2) transgenic mouse brain or cultured neural progenitor cells (NPCs), that elevated MeCP2 expression promotes NPC differentiation into neurons. Ectopic expression of MeCP2 inhibits ADAM10 and thus the NOTCH pathway during NPC differentiation. In human cells, this downregulation on ADAM10 was mediated by miRNA-197, which is upregulated by MeCP2. Surprisingly, miR-197 binds to the ADAM10 3′-UTR via its 3′ side, not the canonical seed sequence on the 5′ side. In mouse cells, a noncoding RNA Gm28836 is used to replace the function of miR-197 between MeCP2 and ADAM10. Similar to MeCP2, overexpressing miR-197 also promotes NPCs differentiation into neurons. Interestingly, three rare missense mutations (H371R, E394K, and G428S) in MECP2, which we identified in a Han Chinese autism spectrum disorders (ASD) cohort showed loss-of-function effects in NPC differentiation assay. These mutations cannot upregulate miR-197. Overexpressing miR-197 together with these MeCP2 mutations could rescue the downregulation on ADAM10. Not only the inhibitor of miR-197 could reverse the effect of overexpressed MeCP2 on NPCs differentiation, but also overexpression of miR-197 could reverse the NPCs differentiation defects caused by MECP2 mutations. Our results revealed that a regulatory axis involving MeCP2, miR-197, ADAM10, and NOTCH signaling is critical for NPC differentiation, which is affected by both MeCP2 duplication and mutation.
A novel multiaperture connection method for three-dimensional shape measurement is presented. The principle of multiaperture method is to obtain subapertures relative location and orientation by measuring the object from different subapertures, and afterwards connecting them together. Rrotation and transformation of subapertures are the key problems to realize multiaperture connection. In order to improve calculability and efficiency of the connection algorithm, a new connection method using quaternion is proposed. The mathematic model of multiaperture connection associated with our proposed method is discussed, and the experimental measurement on the basis of digital grating projection system is carried out to demonstrate the validity of this suggested method. Compared with the conventional connection method, this method offers with such advantages as computational simplicity, high efficiency and reasonable accuracy.
For development of a high-performance grinding initiative Meter, this paper proposes an approach based on embedded system. The initiative Meter uses ARM9 microprocessor as hardware-platform and Windows CE 5.0 as operating system. It mainly describes the working principle and software and hardware design program in this article. It accelerates the speed of operation, enhances the real-time of measurement control, improves the measurement accuracy of initiative Meter through the adoption of high-performance microprocessor and multithreaded programming technology, and at the same time has good man-machine interface. The initiative Meter adopts touch screen operation, parameters of it can easily adjusted and set. According to the test, the embedded initiative Meter has a high performance in various aspects, it will have abroad market prospects for its higher ratio of performance to price.
A novel size-shifting measuring method for multi-diameter shaft grinding is presented. The principle of size-shifting measuring method is to automatically switch the zero positions of multi-diameter shaft in grinding process. Each steps zero position of the sample part and magnification of the gage head are measured before grinding. The measured values of all these steps are controlled within the gage head measuring range by auto-compensation, so that the grinding process of multi-diameter shaft can be accomplished with only one-step installation and non-stop. The size-shifting software of the function is programmed, and the hardware circuit is designed for active measuring instrument. The experimental measurement on the basis of active measuring instrument is carried out to demonstrate the validity of this suggested method. This method has such advantages as operational simplicity, high efficiency and reasonable accuracy. At the same time, the research result is beneficial to further improving the active measuring instrument.
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