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Increasing evidence from experimental research suggests that exposure to microcystins (MCs) may induce lipid metabolism disorder. However, population-based epidemiological studies of the association between MCs exposure and the risk of dyslipidemia are lacking. Therefore, we conducted a population-based cross-sectional study involving 720 participants in Hunan Province, China, and evaluated the effects of MCs on blood lipids. After adjusting the lipid related metals, we used binary logistic regression and multiple linear regression models to examine the associations among serum MCs concentration, the risk of dyslipidemia and blood lipids (triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)). Moreover, the additive model was used to explore the interaction effects on dyslipidemia between MCs and metals. Compared to the lowest quartile of MCs exposure, the risk of dyslipidemia [odds ratios (OR) = 2.27, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.46, 3.53] and hyperTG (OR = 3.01, 95% CI: 1.79, 5.05) in the highest quartile was significantly increased, and showed dose–response relationships. MCs were positively associated with TG level (percent change, 9.43%; 95% CI: 3.53%, 15.67%) and negatively associated with HDL-C level (percent change, −3.53%; 95% CI: −5.70%, −2.10%). In addition, an additive antagonistic effect of MCs and Zn on dyslipidemia was also reported [relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) = −1.81 (95% CI: −3.56, −0.05)], and the attributable proportion of the reduced risk of dyslipidemia due to the antagonism of these two exposures was 83% (95% CI: −1.66, −0.005). Our study first indicated that MCs exposure is an independent risk factor for dyslipidemia in a dose–response manner.

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The relationship between exposure to a single heavy metal and liver function has been reported. However, the effect of strontium exposure on liver function has not been examined. A cross-sectional study involving 1,021 residents from a mining area in Hunan Province, China, was conducted to explore the single and combined effects of strontium exposure on liver function. Liver function was determined by detecting the level of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and total bilirubin (TBIL) in the serum. The plasma concentrations of strontium (Sr), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), manganese (Mn), Zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) in residents were measured using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, and history of disease were assessed by questionnaire. Then the association between plasma Sr and liver function was analyzed by multiple linear regression and BKMR. A positive correlation was found between Sr and ALT and Sr and AST (ALT: β = 14.86, 95% CI: 8.23, 21.50, P < 0.05 and AST: β = 9.67, 95%CI: 3.54, 15.80, P < 0.05) by multiple linear regression model. According to the BKMR, Sr and Pb and Sr and Cu had a synergistic effect on liver function. A single exposure or combined exposure to Sr are associated with liver function, which is influenced by age and gender. Sr and Pb and Sr and Cu have a synergistic effect on liver function. We reveal that Sr was an independent risk factor for ALT and AST based on the results of BKMR and GAMS.

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