This report presents evidence that dogs recover from acute canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME) after 16 days of doxycycline treatment (10 mg/kg of body weight every 24 h). Blood PCR was as valuable as splenic aspirate PCR for early diagnosis of acute CME. Splenic aspirate PCR was, however, superior to blood PCR for the evaluation of ehrlichial elimination.Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME) is a tick-borne disease with a global distribution (9). Diagnosis of CME is confirmed by demonstration of morulae in blood smears, serology, culturing of the rickettsiae, and PCR using Ehrlichia canis-specific primers. Tetracyclines are commonly used in the treatment of CME, with doxycycline in particular being the most acceptable and widely used (2, 3).Blood samples are presently used for PCR evaluation of ehrlichial infection and response to therapy (15). A previous study has demonstrated ehrlichial DNA in splenic aspirates of two subclinically experimentally infected dogs whose blood and bone marrow aspirates were found to be negative for E. canis DNA, suggesting the importance of splenic aspirates in the diagnosis of ehrlichial carriers (6). This finding questioned the validity of previous blood-based PCR studies for evaluating treatment regimens for CME, and the length of doxycycline treatment required for E. canis infection remained uncertain.The aims of this study were (a) to investigate whether splenic aspirates are superior to blood samples as a sample source for E. canis PCR; (b) to determine whether dogs with acute CME remain persistently infected despite concurrent treatment; and (c) to determine the duration of doxycycline treatment required to eliminate E. canis DNA, as measured by PCR in cases of acute CME.Five beagle dogs, 4 to 6 years old and negative serologically and by PCR for E. canis, were used in this study. The dogs were artificially infected by intravenous injection of 5 ml of E. canisinfected blood. This blood was drawn from an acutely ill, naturally infected dog. Infection of the donor dog with E. canis was confirmed by serology using the indirect immunofluorescence antibody (IFA) test (11), by blood culture of DH82 cells (4), and by p30-based nested PCR for E. canis (14).

The involvement of melatonin (Mel) in body temperature (Tb) regulation was studied in White Leghorn layers. In experiment 1, 35 hens were injected intraperitoneally with seven doses of Mel (0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, or 160 mg Mel/kg body wt) dissolved in ethanol. Within 1 h, Mel had caused a dose-dependent reduction in Tb. To eliminate a possible vehicle effect, 0, 80, and 160 mg/kg body wt Mel dissolved in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) was injected. NMP had no effect on Tb, with Mel again causing a dose-dependent hypothermia. In experiment 2 ( n= 30), Mel injected before exposure of layers to heat reduced Tb and prevented heat-induced hyperthermia. Injection after heat stress had begun did not prevent hyperthermia. Under cold stress, Mel induced hypothermia, which was not observed in controls. In experiment 3 ( n= 12), Mel injection reduced Tband increased metatarsal and comb temperatures (but not feathered-skin temperature), respiratory rate, and evaporative water loss. Heart rate rose and then declined, and blood pressure increased 1 h after Mel injection. Heat production rose slightly during the first hour, then decreased in parallel to the Tbdecline. We conclude that pharmacological doses of Mel induce hypothermia in hens by increasing nonevaporative skin heat losses and slightly increasing respiratory evaporation.