Objective: Identify self-rated oral health dimensions of institutionalized elderly in Brazil using the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI), and seek associations with objective, subjective and behavioral conditions. Methodology: Cross-sectional study based on a census of institutionalized elderly. A total of 1192 individuals, living in 36 long-stay institutions for the elderly (LSIE) were evaluated. Of these, 587 (49.2%) responded to the GOHAI. A questionnaire containing subjective and oral health behavior questions was applied and an epidemiological survey (WHO criteria) conducted.Results: With regard to the psychosocial dimension, multiple regression analysis demonstrated that the variables absence and need for upper prosthesis remained significant. Variables for the physical dimension were presence of dental problems and CPI of 6 mm or more, while in the pain or discomfort dimension, it was opinion of teeth, gums or prosthesis. Conclusions:A better understanding of GOHAI dimensions may increase knowledge of oral health conditions among institutionalized elderly in Brazil, thereby contributing to action planning, organization and monitoring of health services besides improved health and quality of life.