This study investigates the resilience of kampung settlement based on connectivity for developing mitigation strategy in urban context. Kampung Taman Sari, Bandung, is chosen as a case study of this paper. Kampung, the main urban settlement type of every city in Indonesia, is an informal settlement, with minimum urban services and facilities, therefore inhabitants who living there are more vulnerable in the response of disaster evacuation. This paper studies a deep understanding of the morphological configuration of Kampung based on connectivity and networks which define and show the degree of capability to prepare, respond, recover, and survive in the face of disaster. Depth map simulation and Space Syntax is used to analyze the degree of connectivity and network. The result shows the key relation of connectivity and accessibility of movement evacuation, not only for human movement but also rescue team, including the transportation.

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Urban settlements including kampong at DKI Jakarta Province are vulnerable to fire hazards. The fire risk will increase along with the increase of kampong’s population, the density of housing units in the area, and spatial accessibility quality. However, the understanding of urban kampong’s spatial configuration related to the vulnerability degree of fire hazards is limited. The purpose of this study is to identify the vulnerability of urban kampong structures related to fire evacuation. Penggilingan Sub-district of East Jakarta City, DKI Jakarta, and its surrounding area were selected as a case study to represent high-density urban kampong with high fire hazards events. The space syntax analysis is utilized as a tool to analyse the main indicators of spatial vulnerability: connectivity, mean depth, and integration of the area. Connectivity affects the easiness of evacuation during a fire disaster. Meanwhile, integration and mean depth affect the level of accessibility. The correlation of connectivity and integration implies an intelligibility degree that is a supporting parameter of wayfinding. It is identified that several areas in Penggilingan Sub-district are vulnerable to fire in the aspect of evacuation because of their low connectivity and accessibility. The result of this study can be developed as a basis for evacuation planning and fire safety management in the urban dense kampong.

A shopping mall is one of the most favorite places to hang-out for the young generation; especially Generation Z. Generation Z has its characteristic of shopping behavior due to digital technology development. It affects their perception of their environment and then influences their way of choosing information from a building to solve specific tasks. This paper investigates the correlation of gender, information source, and visit frequency of Generation Z to their egress wayfinding in the real-world scenario. Their shopping experience preferences have an essential role in constructing the egress decision-making process' attributes. The research used a qualitative approach by conducting a semi-structured interview with 70 student-consumers in a shopping mall located around school and housing estates in the Southern Bandung. Participants were asked about their preferences and perception of the building. Then, they performed their egress wayfinding in evacuation scenarios and answered questions about the reason for route choice and aids from the environment. The findings show a strong correspondence between Generation Z's characteristics and their evacuation egress strategy. The study emphasizes the importance of understanding Generation Z's shopping behavior to design shopping experiences that help visitors orient themselves in the building, especially in an evacuation situation.

Hospitals are vital buildings that must always be guaranteed the building's resistance to earthquakes. The building must not suffer damage that endangers the safety of the lives of its users. The ceiling is one of the components of a hospital building that is most vulnerable to damage during an earthquake. The patient is not able to escape quickly, if the ceiling material is released and falls on the patient who is below it. This study aims to determine the relationship between the causes of ceiling damage and the level of ceiling damage in hospital buildings. Data were collected through field observations at 3 regional general hospitals and literature studies with relevant topics published in the period December 2017 to January 2021. From the literature review, 39 damage data were obtained in 28 regional general hospital buildings in Indonesia. Data were analyzed using quantitative research methods. From the result, there is a significant relationship between the level of damage to the ceiling and the cause of the damage. Seepage of water is the dominant cause of damage but earthquakes is the cause of fatal damage.

This study is aimed to examine which configurations of mortar covering give the best fire protection for the bamboo-plaster wall system. The research is done in two stages, first is the non-standardized pre-test stage which results will become the basis for determining the specimen specification. In the second stage, the specimen with the best fire resistance level is tested with a standardized test referred to SNI 1741-2008 and ISO 834-1-1999. Fire resistance performance was measured according to integration and insulation level expressed in minutes. In the pre-testing stage, bamboo-wall configurations with woven bamboo, and mortar plaster on one-sided and two-sided are evaluated according to the burning time and the highest temperature reached on the unexposed side. The pre-testing result shows that the chipped and cracked mortar conditions affect the high temperature of the specimen and the burning of the woven bamboo, and vice versa. In the standardized test in the second stage, it was found that the specimen with one-sided mortar had an insulation and integration level of 30 minutes, while the specimen with two-sided mortar was 120 minutes. These results indicate that the mortar condition and its location affect the fire resistance performance of the bamboo-plaster wall.

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The use of atrium in hospital buildings accelerating the patient's healing process and reduce the impression of stress on hospital buildings. However, the presence of the atrium can also pose a fire hazard because it can be a means of spreading smoke quickly. This study determines the effect of atriums in hospital buildings on the level of life safety in the event of a fire. The study was conducted at two hospitals in Bandung and Jakarta, Indonesia. The level of life safety is assessed through the difference between the time needed for the evacuation, referred to as RSET, and the time taken by smoke to cause a critical condition for occupants, called ASET, where RSET must be shorter than ASET. The analysis carried out on two physical configurations: open and closed atrium, and the results of this study showed that with an open atrium, the smoke quickly covered the evacuation route before the evacuation process completed, or ASET<RSET. The fire room door must be closed, and the smoke-barrier must be installed around the atrium to prevent the spread of smoke into patient rooms, thus fulfill the ASET<RSET criteria.