The receptor tyrosine kinase ErbB2 (HER-2/neu) is overexpressed in up to 30% of breast cancers and is associated with poor prognosis and an increased likelihood of metastasis especially in node-positive tumors. In this proteomic study, to identify the proteins that are associated with the aggressive phenotype of HER-2/neu-positive breast cancer, tumor cells from both HER-2/neu-positive and -negative tumors were procured by laser capture microdissection. Differentially expressed proteins in the two subsets of tumors were identified by two-dimensional electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF/TOF MS/MS. We found differential expression of several key cell cycle modulators, which were linked with increased proliferation of the HER-2/neu-overexpressing cells. Nine proteins involved in glycolysis (triose-phosphate isomerase (TPI), phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1), and enolase 1 (ENO1)), lipid synthesis (fatty acid synthase ( Traditional cancer chemotherapy agents designed to block cell division are toxic to healthy cells as well as to cancer cells. Targeting specific metabolic pathways to stop cancer growth is potentially less toxic to normal cells and can improve tolerability considerably. Thus, anticancer drug discovery has shifted from the traditional empiric random screening approach to a more rational and mechanistic, target-based approach whereby specific abnormalities in cell functioning are modulated in a classical drug (ligand)-receptor fashion. The HER/ErbB family of transmembrane receptors is one of the most exciting targets currently under evaluation.This ErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases includes four closely related members: HER-1/ErbB1 (also known as the epidermal growth factor receptor), HER-2/ErbB2 (also known as HER-2/neu), 1 HER-3/ErbB3, and HER-4/ErbB4. These receptors initiate signals by forming ligand-induced combinations of homo-and heterodimers (1) and play a critical role in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. HER-2/neu, one of the most well characterized breast cancer oncogenes, is amplified in about 20 -30% of all human breast cancers (2, 3) and is also overexpressed in a variety of other human tumors, including ovarian, lung, gastric, and oral cancers. It appears

First-generation reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) assays for severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoVIn clinical samples the median concentrations of R-and N-gene RNA, respectively, were 1.2 ؋ 10 6 and 2.8 ؋ 10 6 copies/ml (sputum and endotracheal aspirates), 4.3 ؋ 10 4 and 5.5 ؋ 10 4 copies/ml (stool), and 5.5 ؋ 10 2 and 5.2 ؋ 10 2 copies/sample (throat swabs and saliva). Differences between the samples types were significant but not between the types of target RNA. All (n ‫؍‬ 12) samples from the lower respiratory tract tested positive in all tests. In conclusion, the novel assays are more sensitive than the first-generation tests, but they still do not allow a comprehensive ruling out of SARS. Methods for the routine sampling of sputum without infection risk are needed to improve SARS RT-PCR.

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Background:We sought to develop a rapid prenatal diagnostic test for simultaneous detection of HbBarts hydrops fetalis and exclusion of maternal contamination. Methods: We developed a multiplex quantitative fluorescent PCR (QF-PCR) test that detects the presence/ absence of 2 microsatellite markers (16PTEL05/16PTEL06) located within breakpoints of the Southeast Asia (