Changes in retinal blood flow may be involved in the pathogenesis of glaucoma and other ocular diseases. Erythrocyte mediated velocimetry (EMV) is a novel technique where indocyanine green (ICG) dye is sequestered in erythrocyte ghosts and autologously re-injected to allow direct visualization of erythrocytes for in vivo measurement of speed. The purpose of this study is to determine the mean erythrocyte speed in the retinal microvasculature, as well as the intravisit and intervisit variability of EMV. Data from 23 EMV sessions from control, glaucoma suspect, and glaucoma patients were included in this study. In arteries with an average diameter of 43.11 µm ± 6.62 µm, the mean speed was 7.17 mm/s ± 2.35 mm/s. In veins with an average diameter of 45.87 µm ± 12.04 µm, the mean speed was 6.05 mm/s ± 1.96 mm/s. Intravisit variability, as measured by the mean coefficient of variation, was 3.57% (range 0.44–9.68%). Intervisit variability was 4.85% (range 0.15–8.43%). EMV may represent reliable method for determination of retinal blood speed, potentially allowing insights into the effects of pharmacologic agents or pathogenesis of ocular diseases.
Among glaucoma specialists, patient-reported difficulties with vision-related activities were the most common criteria used for LVS referral. Reported barriers to LVS referral, including perceived patient economic restraints and insufficient time to counsel patients during clinic visits, need to be addressed through appropriate interventions.
We observed a significant IOP rise in eyes after a single intravitreal injection of 4 mg of triamcinolone within 1 month of injection. In this study, the most frequent time point that required IOP treatment was at 2-week postinjection, suggesting that early and frequent monitoring of IOP should be considered. Two-thirds of eyes that required medical control of IOP developed gonioscopy changes, characterized by particulate matter in the inferior angle, not present at baseline. Eyes that developed gonioscopic changes were 5 times more likely to be treated for IOP elevation than those without gonioscopic findings.
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