ResumoA psicomotricidade é a ciência que estuda o corpo em movimento, analisando a parte cognitiva, motora e afetiva do ser humano. A mesma surgiu no Brasil em 1980 com intuito científico, e mostrou-se capaz de prevenir, tratar e retardar doenças provenientes da velhice. Principalmente a população idosa, que se encontra no estágio máximo de sua maturidade e que carrega consigo uma grande experiência de vida e de sabedoria, é através da psicomotricidade que eles se reencontram, pois fazem atividades físicas, sempre acompanhados por médicos especialistas e um educador físico que desempenha os exercícios de acordo com a patologia e limitações de cada um. Com o passar do tempo o indivíduo perde a coordenação motora devido a idade e consequentemente a autoestima, por se achar incapaz, mas idosos que passaram a participar dos exercícios físicos através da psicomotricidade demonstraram desempenho melhor do que aqueles que continuaram sedentários, perderam o medo e voltaram a se sentirem capazes de realizar certas atividades cotidianas, tornado-se independentes de terceiros. A psicomotricidade é essencial para o idoso, pois faz com que eles não desistam de viver e veem a velhice com mais amplitude, aumentando a sua auto-estima, trazendo-lhes de volta ao convívio social.Palavras-chave: idoso, psicomotricidade.
Objective: This study aimed to identify the effects of taekwondo on health in elderly individuals. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted following the PRISMA recommendations and registered on PROSPERO, as number CRD42021279561. The electronic databases MEDLINE (via PubMed), Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science were searched, with the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms “martial arts” and “aged” and the alternative terms “taekwondo”, “elderly”, and “older”. We included studies that analysed the effects of taekwondo on health-related variables in older adults of both sexes. The risk of bias of the included experimental and quasi-experimental studies were analysed using the Cochrane Collaboration tool and the Risk Of Bias In Non-randomised Studies – of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tool, respectively. Results: Seven studies met the eligibility criteria. The interventions of the included studies ranged from 6 to 17 weeks, with 45 to 90 minutes per training session, and frequency from 3 to 5 times a week. The total sample number was 160 participants, with a predominance of females in the samples. After the taekwondo intervention, the protocols demonstrated improvement in muscle strength, flexibility, balance, and body composition. Conclusion: The investigated studies showed that taekwondo can effectively maintain health and develop physical qualities in the older population. Nevertheless, these findings should be considered preliminary due to the relatively small sample and heterogeneity of the interventions of the identified studies.
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