Understanding and addressing the consequences of partisan animosity requires knowledge of its foundations. To what extent is animosity between partisan groups motivated by dislike for partisan outgroups per se, policy disagreement, or other social group conflicts? In many circumstances, including extant experimental research, these patterns are observationally equivalent. In a series of vignette evaluation experiments, we estimate effects of shared partisanship when additional information is or is not present, and we benchmark these effects against shared policy preference effects. Partisanship effects are about 71% as large as shared policy preference effects when each is presented in isolation. When an independently randomized party and policy position are presented together, partisanship effects decrease substantially, by about 52%, whereas policy effects remain large, decreasing by about 10%. These results suggest that common measures of partisan animosity may capture programmatic conflict more so than social identity–based partisan hostility.
Lucid has become increasingly popular as a low-cost provider of online survey responses. In this memo, we share our concerns about Lucid’s recent data quality. First, a large and increasing number of survey respondents are failing attention checks. Second, respondents who pass and respondents who fail attention checks are systematically different. Many respondents who fail standard attention checks appear to provide low-quality data. We conclude that researchers should exercise caution when analyzing data recently collected from Lucid unless respondents were subject to stringent attention checks.
Key Points Question Was the 2017 “Muslim ban” executive order associated with changes in health care utilization by people born in Muslim-majority countries living in Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota? Findings This cohort study of 252 594 patients found that after the executive order was issued, there was an increase in missed primary care appointments and increased emergency department visits among people from Muslim-majority countries living in Minneapolis-St. Paul. Meaning Changes in health care utilization among people from Muslim-majority countries after the Muslim ban may reflect changes in population health influenced by federal immigration policy.
Homosexuality is illegal in Lebanon and men who have sex with men (MSM) may experience discrimination. Displaced Syrians, who currently comprise approximately 20% of Lebanon’s population, also face discrimination. Individuals who are members of both groups may experience heightened levels of discrimination and abuse. In partnership with local nongovernmental organizations serving the community, we recruited N = 292 MSM in Beirut, Lebanon. Participants were interviewed about experiences of violence and discrimination in the context of a larger health behavior survey, and all were offered anonymous HIV testing. Responses were analyzed using the framework of intersectionality, combining regression, geographical mapping of reported experiences, and network analysis of the participant recruitment pattern. MSM, born outside of Lebanon, who are primarily from Syria, face higher levels of discrimination and violence than native-born MSM (71% vs. 32% reporting at least one type of discrimination or violence). Socioeconomic status is also associated with discrimination and violence overall, and among native- and foreign-born MSM. Experiences vary by town and neighborhood, and are highly correlated between recruiting and recruited participants.These results highlight health risks faced by foreign-born MSM in Lebanon.
Lucid, a popular source of online convenience survey samples, has seen a significant increase in inattentive respondents since 2020. Inattentive participants – respondents who incorrectly answer directed query attention check questions – may be introducing substantial measurement error and attenuation bias. Using data from 152,967 survey respondents across multiple studies conducted between January 2020 and June 2021, we find that inattentive respondents report less reliable demographic data, less stable responses, and are systematically different from attentive respondents. We find some evidence of attenuation bias and mixed evidence that data quality has decreased slightly since 2020 even after filtering for inattentive respondents. We conclude that researchers using Lucid should report if they screened on attentiveness and consider replicating any null results. Such an unexpected increase in inattentiveness in a widely-used platform suggests that future researchers relying on online convenience survey samples should continuously assess data quality.
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