Global competition, the requirements of sustainable development, building an innovative economy or Industry 4.0 develop the need for changing or creating new legacy business models. Competencies adequate to new working possibilities play a significant role in these changes. The key role played here is the assessment of fit to work in the Industry 4.0. The purpose of the paper is to analyze fit to work in business models using the features and elements of Industry 4.0. There are specific antecedences identified for creating and changing business models in the aspect of implementing Industry 4.0, with particular attention paid to the meaning of competencies and their adaptation for the 4.0 requirements. Quantitative studies have been performed on a sample of 472 employees of Industry 4.0 in three countries: Germany, Poland and Slovakia. Theoretical and empirical considerations use the four-factor model differentiating the supplementary and complementary fit, organizational identification and satisfaction from work.
As the demand for transport is growing, more and more attention is being paid to its quality aspects. These include, among other things, efficiency, safety, and a continuous effort to reduce external costs. That is why the transport policies of the EU countries and individual regions are increasingly addressing the issue of sustainable transport development. Multimodal transport, which is seen as a key element to effectively counterbalance the dominant role of vehicle transport in the economic progress of the European Community, plays an important role in these programmes. For consistency and continuity of freight flows, cooperation between neighbouring countries and regions is essential. The future of multimodal freight transport within the cross-border area of Poland, Czech Republic and Slovakia is not as evident as the transport policies imply. Therefore, the purpose of the paper is to identify a set of factors determining the development of multimodal transport within the cross-border area of TRITIA (The European Grouping of Territorial Cooperation of the four regional governments of Moravian-Silesian Region (CZ), Opole Voivodeship (PL), Silesian Voivodeship (PL) and Žilina Self-governing Region (SK)) and to develop four scenarios, the execution of which in the 2030 perspective depends on the implementation of cross-border infrastructure and organisational projects and the increasing level of cooperation in the field of multimodal transport. The article contains the methodology for developing scenarios of multimodal freight transport development. The research showed that initiating activities targeted at the development of multimodal transport within the cross-border area requires the involvement of all participants in the process, i.e., all countries (Poland, Czech Republic and Slovakia), along with many different stakeholders. The future development of multimodal transport as provided for in the scenarios is not linearly correlated with the increase in cooperation and the number of implemented infrastructure and organisational projects. It is vital for future research to define the role of stakeholders both in terms of cooperation and collaboration development.
The research on the multimodal transport development within the cross-border area is a result of identified gaps in the system solutions and cooperation between stakeholders of three countries: Poland, the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Freight transport is an especially complex problem. It is an area that is not comprehensively recognized in the context of cross-border cooperation. The results of the research presented in this paper are the continuation of analyses performed within the scope of the international project framework TRANS TRITIA. At the moment, transport policy assumes the struggle for the utilization of multimodality within freight transport. This is justified by the need to reduce external transport costs. At the same time, this necessitates actions of a technical, organizational, and legislation nature as well as cooperation between stakeholders. The multimodal transport ecosystem is a vision of the transport within cross-border areas that assumes the increase in the flow dynamics within the multimodal transport. The main goal of this paper was the stakeholders’ analysis and identification of their roles in the ecosystem of multimodal freight transport within the Polish–Czech–Slovak cross-border area. The conceptualization of the multimodal freight transport ecosystem was essential to achieving the objective. To achieve the objective, a stakeholder analysis has been performed based on expert research. As a result of the research, organizational projects have been proposed to strengthen the idea of the coevolution of the multimodal transport ecosystem. The key conclusion from the performed research is the declaration that a holistic view of the multimodal transport ecosystem necessitates the appointment of a coordinator who will synchronize knowledge, business, and innovation ecosystems.
Nowadays we witness a growing role of cooperation in numerous areas of human activity: business, culture, society, administration and science. In these overlapping areas a consolidating factor are social relations as well as shared norms and ethical values. Social relations constitute a foundation of other relations in clusters and inter-organizational networks: formal relations, business relations, knowledge transfer. Inter-organizational cooperation also relates
The current study results attribute great importance to the role of clusters in innovation and competitive development creation. While seeking not so much the operational solutions, but the main components that form the cluster management process, it was noticed that a cluster – despite being already well- defined— does not come into being together with the declaration, willingness, initiative or the signing of the document. The creation and development of clusters is a long term process that can last for years and is exposed to a number of strategic obstacles. The experience both on a national and global level relating to the dynamics of the development of clusters show how difficult this task is, especially in a knowledge-based economy. The development of specialization and knowledge in clusters is no longer linear in nature, based on knowledge generated by the function of research and development of an individual company. It is defined as the result of a process of interaction through inter-organizational relationships, providing access to various types of resources. The article assumes that clusters in Poland after the quantum boom, are moving to the next phase of development based on improvement of activities. The aim of the article is to present the dynamics of cluster development in Poland. The research was done in 2015-2017, but the research period covered the years 2003-2016. Besides basic information on: number of clusters, year of creation, number of cluster members etc., the article analyzes cluster specializations against the background of smart specializations being developed in regions in Poland. Furthermore, the article presents the preliminary results of research on meeting management standards by Polish clusters. The research was based on PARP (The Polish Agency for Enterprise Development) project data and own studies.
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