Investigating green growth is a continuing scientific concern within academia, governments, and international organizations in recent years. This paper analyzes the discourse on green growth assessment methods. There are three primary aims of this study: 1. To identify factors influencing or stimulating green growth. 2. To analyze sets, frameworks, and indices of green growth indicators designed by international organizations and scientists. 3. To develop the Green Growth evaluation Index and to validate it on the assessment of green growth status of the European Union countries. The methodological approach taken in this study is a mixed methodology based on data analysis, generalization, and index assessment. The study offers important insights into the discourse on green growth evaluation, analyzes green growth measurement tools, and provides the Green Growth Index which can be applied to evaluate green growth in developing and developed countries. Secondary data have been collected from Eurostat, the World Bank databases, and UNDP Human Development Reports for the year 2018. The results show that green growth is uneven in the European countries; the Green Growth Index and all three pillars vary between countries due to the fact that several countries lag behind all the indicators included in the Green Growth Index.
Regional sustainable development demands detailed structured efficiency counting methods overview, which allow to analyse industrial symbiosis effects. Currently industrial symbiosis is defined as mutual commercial and managerial co-habitat of business entities, which mainly in scientific literature are analysed in terms of legislative procedures and management rules. Regional sustainable development depends on Industrial symbiosis efficiency and synergy, which also can be counted by using methods of applied efficiency parameters. The article analyses the main efficiency counting parameters, used to evaluate industrial symbiosis in terms of regional sustainable development systems.
The Covid-19 pandemic has highlighted such challenges for the world’s socio-economic and financial systems Social entrepreneurship is an integral part of Europe’s diverse social market economy. The aim of the paper is to tackle the social entrepreneurship field in Latvia and in particular to reveal the enterprises operating in the textile industry, as fashion industry in general is evaluated as second polluting industry, being just behind oil industry. The paper is limited to social entrepreneurship in the field of textile, as it is a new waste stream that has received particular goals and thus needs to be managed in a more sustainable way. To promote social enterprises in the field of textile production and processing it is especially important to implement elements of the circular economy in the daily activities of a social enterprise. Fostering social entrepreneurship in the textile field allows to reach a range of goals simultaneously, including, but not limited to – decrease of textile waste volume, increase of upcycling and moving towards circular economy targets.
Social acceptance of littering behaviour has changed in the recent decades, with rapidly increasing public awareness about the human health and biodiversity impacts that can result from waste-mismanagement. Littering has an important impact on landscape and overall environment. It is of vital importance to assess existing littering sources and to try to limit them at their source. During recent years European Union (EU) has significantly strengthened the waste management requirements. In terms of newer Member States it meant – inventory of the existing system, closure and recultivation of the sub-standard landfills, development of new infrastructure, using best available technologies and, of course implementation and development of separate waste collection system. In order to ensure higher quality recycling, requirements to sorted waste collection become higher. The authors see one of the solutions – implementation of the deposit refund system (DRS), especially taking into account that both plastic beverage bottles as well as bottle caps have been identified within top 10 single use plastic found in the marine litter. The research is based on the benchmarking and statistical data analysis. As the result of the research, the authors propose implementation of DRS as a solution both to Latvian waste management issues and as a tool to improve landscape from the environmental aspects.
Research problem: For Latvia -Lithuania borderland is characteristic continued low competitiveness. One of ways for increasing competitiveness is improving business growth instruments.The aim of research is identification and evaluation of strength and weaknesses of competitiveness of business environment in Kurzeme region by researching factors forming competitiveness and query opinion of entrepreneurs.It is developed appropriate methodology for comparison of borderland regions. Research distinguished four groups of parameters:1. Factors of local business environment. 2. Factors of demand. 3. Factors of companies` competitiveness. 4. Factors of external environment, influencing business growth. Practical research consists of internet survey (150 entrepreneurs). The obtained outcome is expressed in figures. Research methodology: analysis of documents, statistical data, questionnaire, and factors. Conclusions: research identified the character of Kurzeme region, it business environment. Research elucidated viewpoint of entrepreneurs, their reasons of exploiting business support instruments. Research evaluated strength and weaknesses of business environment competitiveness.
Digital skills are one of the most important skills that were highlighted in the times of COVID-19, including areas like landscape architecture. COVID-19 pandemic raised possibilities for blended-learning in adult education that were not used much before the pandemic. Data shows that Latvia’s inhabitants digital skills compared to the EU average is much lower and there is a need for innovative ways to attract lifelong learners to participate in skills’ advancement courses. At the end of 2020, a survey was conducted with the aim of the survey to find out the society's self-assessment of digital skills and the need to improve them for remote working. Results showed that a high number of respondents are willing to participate in blended learning courses and are eager to develop their digital skills.
In April 2018, the IMO adopted an ambitious GHG emissions reduction strategy for shipping. It will shape the future fleet decarbonisation pathway and helps to choose alternative fuels and technologies. Methanol as marine fuel leads to drastically reducing sulphur and PM compared to conventional marine fuel. Meanwhile, biodiesel, as sustainable energy source, is characterized by high cetane index, low toxicity, and good biodegradation. Methanol-biodiesel-diesel blends require only limited modification to engines and fuel systems. For this reason, methanol and biodiesel may be well suited partly substitute oil-based fuels in the existing ship fleet. In order to replace the larger portion of fossil compound in marine fuel by components from renewable sources, it is necessary to develop multi-component blends. However, an increase in the proportion of components in a blend could be critical for the final properties of the blend and requires detailed research. The physical-chemical properties of the methanol (up to 30 %), biodiesel (up to 10 %) and diesel components as well as their mixtures have been analysed. It has been found that considering to ISO 8217:2012 standard and environmental requirements a blend with 10 % methanol and 10 % biodiesel is the most suitable alternative for marine applications.
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