RIRS for the removal of renal stones in patients with a solitary kidney affords a high success rate and low morbidity rate. For patients with large stones, however, a multistaged approach may be needed.
The influence of the number of freeze–thaw (F–T) cycles on the interface shear behaviour of a compacted marine clay (Leda clay)/smooth high-density polyethylene (HDPE) geomembrane is investigated in this paper. Shear tests are performed on samples subjected to various numbers of F–T cycles: zero, one, two, three, five and ten. The test results show that the interface shear strength of the Leda clay/smooth HDPE geomembrane is lower than that of Leda clay. The interface shear strength of the Leda clay/smooth HDPE geomembrane decreases with increasing number of F–T cycles. Furthermore, the interface shear friction angles of the Leda clay/smooth HDPE geomembrane are significantly reduced within the first three F–T cycles. The reduction in strength beyond the three F–T cycles is negligible. The total decrease in the shear strength of the samples that are not subjected to an F–T cycle compared to that of samples subjected to ten F–T cycles is 18·3, 17·6 and 13·6% under a vertical stress of 150, 250 and 350 kPa, respectively.
China (Zhōngguó in old Chinese 1 ), organized an international symposium on "Religious Art and Culture in 2019" during October 26-27, 2019. Scholars on religions like Hinduism, Buddhism, Taoism, and Christianity from different Eurasian countries were invited to present papers that were discussed for a better understanding of the recent trends in these religions. Majority of the scholars were from mainland China (sixty-three) and twelve from India,
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