Essential oils have been proposed as alternatives to antibiotic use in food animal production. This study evaluated 3 chemotypes of the Origanum genus, containing varying amounts of secondary metabolites carvacrol, thymol, and sabinene, in the broiler chicken diet. Aerial parts of Origanum vulgare L. (OL), O. vulgare L. ssp. hirtum (OH), and O. majorana (OM) were collected from a greenhouse located in the high altitude Sabana de Bogotá (Savanna of Bogotá) and O. vulgare L. ssp. hirtum (OG) produced and ground in Greece. Oregano essential oils (OEO) from these plants were obtained by steam distillation and analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer. Six treatments were evaluated: 200 mg/kg of OEO from OH, OL, and OM, 50 mg/kg of OEO from OG, 500 mg/kg of chlortetracycline, and without additives. Broiler chicks were maintained at 2,600 m above sea level, placed in brooder cages under a completely randomized design. Template DNA was isolated from duodenal, jejunal, ileal, and cecal contents in each group and bacterial 16S rDNA patterns were analyzed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. Dendrograms of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis band patterns revealed 2 main clusters, OEO-treated chicks and nontreated control chicks, in each intestinal segment. Band patterns from different gut compartments revealed major bacterial population shifts in the foregut (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum) compared with the hindgut (cecum and colon) at all ages evaluated (P < 0.05). The OEO groups showed less shift (62.7% similarity coefficient) between these 2 compartments versus the control groups (53.7% similarity coefficient). A reduction of 59% in mortality from ascites was seen in additive-supplemented groups compared with the control group. This study represents the first work to evaluate the effects of the 3 main chemotypes of Origanum genus in broilers.
Objetivo. Enriquecer los huevos de gallina con ácidos grasos omega-3 (n-3) mediante la
inclusión de semillas de lino en la dieta. Materiales y métodos. La dieta de las aves fue
formulada con niveles de 0 (L0), 10 (L10), 15 (L15) y 20% (L20) de linaza. Se determinó la
composición de ácidos grasos por cromatografía de gases y se evaluó la producción y
calidad del huevo. Resultados. El porcentaje de producción de huevo fue superior en los
grupos L0 y L15 (p
The consumer demand for functional food with nutraceutical properties has increased in recent years, and the food's fatty acid profile is one of the factors that define its potential value asa functional food. The aim of the present study was to compare fatty acids composition of semitendinosus muscle in two native rodents, the capybara (Hydroahoerus hidrochaeris) and lowland paca (Cuniculus paca) and two domesticated species, one rodent, the guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) and one lagomorph, the common rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). The animals were fed with forage-based diet. The fatty acid composition in lyophilized tissue was determined by gas chromatography. The capybara, lowland paca and guinea pig had the highest levels of omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids, predominantly α-linolenic acid (p<0.05). The guinea pig and common rabbit showed a higher content of linoleic acid (18:2 n-6) (p<0.05). The n-6: n-3 fatty acids ratio was higher to the common rabbit (p<0.05) with 8.9, in contrast, capybara and lowland paca had the lowest ratio, with lower than zero values indicating a predominance of n-3 fatty acids. These results were presented without any diet manipulation. The guinea pig meat contained an adequate balance of n-6 to n-3 fatty acids (< 4) whereas in rabbit meat there was an excess of n-6 fatty acids. The capybara and lowland paca can be considered as sources of n-3 fatty acids, represented by α-linolenic acid (18:3 n-3). These results confirm that native species not subjected to genetic selection and intensive feeding, showed higher content of n-3 fatty acids.
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