The need in the use of renewable energy added to the problem of collection and final disposal of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) in large urban areas shows the importance of the correct management of this waste. In this context, the use of the gases generated from the degradation of these wastes is essential. In the present work an estimation is made for the biogas production as well as the economic feasibility of the use of the s biogas generated in a landfill and a composting yard sized for the city of Campinas - SP, between the years of 2018 and 2038. Landfill Gas Emissions Model (LandGEM) and the Waste Reduction Model were used to estimate the greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions. Three scenarios were analyzed using the WARM method and scenario 3 was the one that presented the greatest GHG emission reduction and the second-best scenario in terms of energy consumption. Also, the LandGEM estimated the production of methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2) and other gases. The amount of biogas generated for the 20 years of production was 934,872,000 m3, corresponding to the life of the landfill. The study shows that an installed power of 4MW results in the installation of a financially viable enterprise to generate electricity with different dolar values that varies between R$2.80 to R$5.80. In addition, the environmental advantages are the reduction in GHG emissions and the contribution to an effective management of municipal solid waste in large urban areas.
Com o crescimento demográfico intensificou-se os problemas ambientais em decorrência do aumento na geração de efluentes líquidos. Desta forma torna-se fundamental a busca por alternativas sustentáveis na redução dos impactos. Neste cenário o presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar o potencial energético e a viabilidade econômica do aproveitamento de biogás gerado em reator UASB no tratamento de efluentes originados pelo Município de Itaúna-MG, possibilitando o planejamento energético no período de 2018 a 2038. Estimou-se a projeção da população para este período e o dimensionamento do reator conforme as projeções de efluentes lançados. A produção média calculada de metano e de energia total produzida foi de 1.899,4 m3.dia-1 e 39,3 GWh, respectivamente. O investimento total necessário foi de R$ 1.301.508,53, possibilitando a viabilidade econômica do projeto. A partir deste projeto é obtida a redução dos impactos ambientais consoante a geração de energia renovável.
Brazil is a country of agricultural culture, and for over a hundred years has been the largest coffee producer. Thus, the work proposes alternatives for the use of agricultural residues from coffee production, analyzing them from an environmental and economic point of view. A coffee crop was selected from the municipality of Santa Rosa da Serra (Minas Gerais, Brazil), and three scenarios were established. Scenario 1: husk is discarded outdoors; scenario 2: energy use of the husk for gasification and subsequent production of electricity; scenario 3: use of the husk as an organic fertilizer. An economic and environmental analysis was conducted from these three scenarios. The gasification technology with the coffee husk, although technically feasible, according to the economic analysis becomes unfeasible, since the value of this electric generation was higher than the other generation values. Scenarios 2 and 3 that applied sustainable practices resulted in negative values for the environmental impacts of water depletion and depletion of fossil fuels, proving the benefits of such practices. The gasification process needs technological development to make the enterprise economically viable. Sustainable practices in coffee cultivation bring environmental benefits in the short and long terms.
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