For example, Newmann, King, and Youngs (2000) reported that student achievement was affected most directly by the quality of teacher instruction, which in turn was shaped by teacher professional learning and other aspects of school capacity. Quality of communication within the school has been proposed as a factor that can positively influence levels of trust and teacher engagement in schools (e.g., Danielson, 2006; Tschannen-Moran, 2000). Indeed, Thayer (1988) emphasized "a capacity to communicate the vision in order to gain support" as a central role of leaders (1988, p. 242). Stoll and Fink (1996) similarly asserted that leadership should be aimed at "communicating invitational messages to individuals and groups with whom leaders interact in order to build and act on a shared and evolving vision of enhanced educational experiences for pupils" (p. 109). In sum, research suggests that communication between principal and teachers represents a potentially important supporting feature of school capacity for improvement (
A new lichen species, Lecanora zeorina Li J. Li & Printzen is described here from the south-west of China. Lecanora zeorina is characterized by its somewhat areolate-squamulose thallus, zeorine to lecanorine apothecia, an epihymenium without crystals around expanded paraphyses tips, an amphithecium with large calcium oxalate crystals and the production of atranorin. A new combination, Lecanora crystalliniformis (B.G. Lee & Hur) Li J. Li & Printzen, is based on Protoparmeliopsis crystalliniformis B.G. Lee & Hur, which was described as a new species from South Korea. Collections from China are almost identical in morphology and chemistry, and are phylogenetically closely related. Phylogenetic reconstructions based on ITS and mtSSU suggest that these two lecanoroid species belong in Lecanora s. str. where they form a sister group to sorediate species such as L. barkmaniana Aptroot & Herk and L. variolascens Nyl. Detailed descriptions, discussions, distributions and phylogenetic trees, based on multiple collections, are presented.
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