The Xiaojiashan tungsten deposit is located about 200 km northwest of Hami City, the Eastern Tianshan orogenic belt, Xinjiang, northwestern China, and is a quartz vein-type tungsten deposit. Combined fluid inclusion microthermometry, host rock geochemistry, and H-O isotopic compositions are used to constrain the ore genesis and tectonic setting of the Xiaojiashan tungsten deposit. The orebodies occur in granite intrusions adjacent to the metamorphic crystal tuff, which consists of the second lithological section of the first Sub-Formation of the Dananhu Formation (D 2 d 1 2 ). Biotite granite is the most widely distributed intrusive bodies in the Xiaojiashan tungsten deposit. Altered diorite and metamorphic crystal tuff are the main surrounding rocks. The granite belongs to peraluminous A-type granite with high potassic calc-alkaline series, and all rocks show light Rare Earth Element (REE)-enriched patterns. The trace element characters suggest that crystallization differentiation might even occur in the diagenetic process. The granite belongs to postcollisional extension granite, and the rocks formed in an extensional tectonic environment, which might result from magma activity in such an extensional tectonic environment. Tungsten-bearing quartz veins are divided into gray quartz vein and white quartz veins. Based on petrography observation, fluid inclusions in both kinds of vein quartz are mainly aqueous inclusions. Microthermometry shows that gray quartz veins have 143-354 C of T h , and white quartz veins have 154-312 C of T h . The laser-Raman test shows that CO 2 is found in fluid inclusions of the tungstenbearing quartz veins. Quadrupole mass spectrometry reveals that fluid inclusions contain major vapor-phase contents of CO 2 , H 2 O. Meanwhile, fluid inclusions contain major liquid-phase contents of Cl − , Na + . It can be speculated that the ore-forming fluid of the Xiaojiashan tungsten deposit is characterized by an H 2 O-CO 2 , low salinity, and H 2 O-CO 2 -NaCl system. The range of hydrogen and oxygen isotope compositions indicated that the ore-forming fluids of the tungsten deposit were mainly magmatic water. The ore-forming age of the Xiaojiashan deposit should to be~227 Ma. During the ore-forming process, the magmatic water had separated from magmatic intrusions, and the ore-bearing complex was taken to a portion where tungsten-bearing ores could be mineralized. The magmatic fluid was mixed by meteoric water in the late stage.
The Xiaojiashan Tungsten deposit is located in Barkol district, Xinjiang. The ore bodies occur in the Hercynian granite intrusions and contact between the intrusion and wallrock which consists of the second lithologic section of the first Sub-Formation in Middle Devonian Dananhu Formation (D2d1 2 ). Quadrupole mass spectrometry reveals that fluid inclusions contain major vapor phase contents of CO2, H2O. Meanwhile, fluid inclusions contain major liquid phase contents of Cl -, Na + . It can be speculated that ore-forming fluid of the Xiaojiashan wolframite deposit is characterized by a CO2-rich, low salinity, and H2O-CO2-NaCl system. During ore-forming process, the magmatic water had separated from magmatic intrusions and ore-bearing complex was taken to a portion where tungsten-bearing ores could be mineralized.
The Kekebieketi mining area is located on the southern margin of the Altai Mountains in Northern Xinjiang and is at the junction of the Siberia and Kazakhstan‐Junggar plates. Faults and magmatic rocks are well developed, and the main stratum is the Middle Devonian Kaxiweng Formation. The Kekebieketi‐Kalatongke‐Xibodu basic to ultrabasic mixed rock strip is an appropriate area for mineral resources and a good target to study the crustal and mantle evolution. This study explored the tectonic age and setting of basic rocks in the Kekebieketi mining area and provides a basis for the study of basic rocks and discrimination of the wider formation. The basic rocks were mainly gabbro, pyroxenolite, basic subvolcano rock, and diabase. They have all been altered to different degrees through amphibolization, sub‐amphibolization, actinolitization, chloritization, epidotization, zoisitization, uralitization, and serpentinization. Similar rare earth element compositions of the different rock types suggest that they are homologous. Enrichment of large ion lithophile elements (Cs, Rb, Sr, and U) and depletion of high field strength elements (Nb, Ta, Zr, and Hf) showed that the basic rocks have the characteristics of island arc magmatic rocks. A single zircon U–Pb age of 321 ± 2.5 Ma was obtained from a hornblende gabbro. Based on the petrological and geochemical features, we concluded that the basic rocks in the study area were formed during the post‐collision period in East Junggar. The parental magma is mainly composed of metasomatic mantle wedge material and upwelling asthenosphere, which is why it showed geochemical characteristics of subduction.
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