The present study aimed to reveal the amount per application of facial sheet masks and its influencing factors in Chinese population to form the base for an accurate exposure assessment. A total of 175 healthy subjects aged 18 years or older were recruited and divided into two subgroups: one group of 35 subjects were asked to apply same mask for 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 min respectively, and the other 140 subjects were instructed to apply one of four types of facial sheet masks presented in the market for 15 min. Furthermore, phenoxyethanol and methylparaben were measured to reflect actual exposure to chemicals. The sharp increase in the relative exposure to phenoxyethanol (CAS NO.122-99-6) and methylparaben at 25 min and longer suggests applying facial sheet masks for longer than 20 min may drive the exposure to hazardous chemicals to increase significantly. The 90th percentile of amount per application for plant-cellulose, bamboo charcoal fiber, bio-cellulose, and binchotan charcoal fiber-based masks was 5.753, 5.371, 5.017, and 4.821 g respectively. In addition, men and subjects with sebaceous skin demonstrated lower amount per application compared to women and subjects with dry skin, respectively. Finally, our data showed that the larger the contacting area between face and mask, the more amount per application. We concluded that the appropriate time of application should be less than 20 min. And mask fabrics, gender, sebum content, and contacting area could significantly impact the risk assessment of facial sheet masks. Our data for the first time provides insights into a realistic risk assessment of facial sheet masks in Chinese population.
Background: Occupational irritant contact dermatitis (OICD) commonly manifests skin barrier function disrupted. The composition of the skin surface lipids (SSLs) determined the skin barrier function. This study aims to evaluated the repair effect of moisturizer on the skin barrier function of OICD patients and lipidomic tools were used to explore potential repair mechanisms.Methods: A before-after in the same patient study of real-world during December 2019 in Zhengzhou, China. 15 shampoo workers insisted on using moisturizer (2g each time, about 10 times a day) in their back of hands during work breaks. SSLs as main outcome, skin moisture content and trans epidermal water loss (TEWL) as secondary outcome were used to evaluate alteration of skin barrier function at different research stages.Results: After using moisturizer for 2 weeks, skin moisture increased significantly (p<0.001) and TEWL decreased. A total of 635 SSLs were detected and classified into 5 main classes. The relative abundance of all lipids increased. Long-chain fatty acid (FA), glycerolipids (mainly triglyceride), cholesterol lipids as main lipids species were repaired for 1-week intervention. Glycerophospholipids as the main lipid was repaired for 2 weeks intervention. Conclusion: Moisturizer could be used as effective interventions to increase SSLs and repair skin barrier function to a certain extent in OICD patients.Trial registration: This study was reviewed and approved by the Zhengzhou University's Life Science Ethics Review Committee and Registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ID: ChiCTR2000034103). Informed consent to participates were obtained before enrollment.
Background Occupational irritant contact dermatitis (OICD) usually manifests as impaired skin barrier function. The composition of the skin surface lipids (SSLs) determined the skin barrier function. This study aims to evaluate the repair effect of moisturizer on the skin barrier function of OICD patients and lipidomic tools were used to explore potential repair mechanisms. Methods A self-controlled study based on occupational shampoo workers was conducted in Zhengzhou, China, in December 2019. The study lasted 2 weeks in total, and subjects with OICD symptoms applied moisturizing cream during the study. Skin moisture content and trans epidermal water loss (TEWL) values were used as secondary indicators, and SSLs were used as main indicators to evaluate the recovery effect of subjects' skin barrier function after the intervention. Results After using moisturizer for 2 weeks, skin moisture increased significantly (p < 0.001), and TEWL decreased. A total of 635 SSLs were detected and classified into 5 main classes. The relative abundance of all lipids increased. Long-chain fatty acids, glycerolipids (mainly triglycerides), and cholesterol lipids were the major lipid species repaired after 1 week of intervention. Glycerophospholipids as the main lipid were repaired after 2 weeks of intervention. Conclusion Moisturizer could be used as an effective intervention to increase SSLs and repair skin barrier function to a certain extent in OICD patients. Trial registration: This study was reviewed and approved by Zhengzhou University's Life Science Ethics Review Committee and Registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ID: ChiCTR2000034103). Informed consent from participants was obtained before enrollment.
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