The article analyses the problems of food waste and responsible consumption that include taking into account environmental-social-health and economic impacts of products and services. The study raises the research question related to whether people consume food responsibly. Analysis of research literature sources, systematization, synthesis, generalization, quantitative research and data processing methods were used in the article. The questionnaire was arranged on the pollimill.com website, and the link was shared with selected possible respondents. The survey was carried out in Lithuania and in European countries. The survey sample is equal to 1080 respondents (566 respondents from Lithuania and 514 from Italy, Poland, Latvia, Germany and France). A simple random sample was used in this research. The survey highlighted that the majority of respondents in the survey state that food is not often wasted. In addition, findings show that the population of Lithuania emits slightly less food than the population of the European countries participating in the survey. These findings could be crucial for the future green directions from the side of policymakers.

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The article focuses on a relevant scientific and practical problem of the present, i.e., the resilience of organisations in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim is, upon analysing the response of organisations to the threats related to the COVID-19-caused restrictions on economic activity, to identify the predominant behaviour of organisations that predetermines their resilience. The theoretical part discusses the leadership aspect of the heads of organisations and the ability of organisations to survive in the conditions of uncertainty. The findings of the research in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) of Klaipėda Region are presented. The research methods chosen to deal with a scientific problem in the theoretical part include an analysis of literature sources, systematisation, synthesis, generalisation, and comparison. In the empirical research, quantitative research, i.e., a questionnaire survey and data processing methods, was applied. Due to the specificity of the region, the majority of the surveyed business entities (71.3%) are from the services sector, while the rest of the surveyed companies belong to the manufacturing (15%) and trade (13.7%) sectors. The research established that most of the organisations surveyed benefited from the government support. On assessing the survey data and summarising the response and efforts of organisations to deal with uncertainties, a conclusion was drawn that SMEs' response to uncertainties was mainly focused on the protection against threats and avoidance of risk, however, the organisations lacked preparedness and consistency when dealing with unforeseen circumstances.

The article analyses sustainable economic development of EU countries according to the sustainable development goals (SDGs), by using indices of integrated sustainable development and environmental footprint. Sustainable economic initiatives can be driven by economic, environmental and social aspects, applying principles of innovation and knowledge. However, development requires skills, human and financial resources; in turn, it increases productivity, efficiency, competitiveness, profit, and promotes a better working environment. In general, sustainable business initiatives contribute to SDGs and reduce the environmental footprint. The scientific problem is how to develop a sustainable economy while ensuring the achievement of SDGs and at the same time reducing the environmental footprint. The object of the scientific research is the evaluation of sustainable economic development through the analysis of integrated sustainable development indicators. The aim of the research is, upon the evaluation of SDGs and environmental footprint indices as well as the analysis of the integrated sustainable development indicator, to identify the opportunities for sustainable economic development in the EU countries. The research has been carried out by analysing the scientific literature, and applying SDGs and environmental footprint methodology to calculate individual and integrated sustainable development indices. The results have shown that despite the disparity of SDG indices, the overall value of the integrated sustainable development indicator is distributed quite evenly among the EU countries. The impacts from each of the SDG indices range from 11% to 31% but the environmental footprint index has the greatest impact on the sustainable development of a country—up to 31%.

Purpose: to define opinions on situation of health care workers during COVID-19 pandemic in Lithuania. Methods: Analysis of research literature sources, systematization, synthesis, generalization, and comparison were applied it the theoretical level. Quantitative research i.e. questionnaire survey and data processing methods were applied in the empirical research. The collected empirical data was processed using SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) program. During data processing, descriptive statistics were used-such as percentiles, mean, mode and standard deviation, ANOVA test. Results: The results revealed that respondents were most afraid of the health of their family members. They also fear about the health of patients and feel anxious about the future in a general sense. Respondents tended to disagree that they feel dissatisfied that they cannot move freely and that they feel powerless to change anything. Respondents tended to disagree that there was a growing distrust of people, dissatisfaction with changes in life and that there was tension in the family. Assessing the opinion of respondents, what problems will become apparent after the spread of COVID-19, the results revealed that respondents most agree that the increase in financial problems; psychological problems and social will Changes in society during covid-19 pandemic: from the point of view of health care workers

Santrauka. Šiame straipsnyje nagrinėjami požiūriai bei pagrindinės valdymo teorijos: jų privalumai, trūkumai, realios galimybės įmonių vadovams bei verslininkams jomis naudotis, užtikrinant įmonių konkurencingumą globalinėse rinkose, įgyvendinant tikslus ir gaunant optimalią ekonominę bei socialinę naudą, stiprinant personalo potencialą naujų žinių bei įgūdžių sąskaita dar sparčiau diegti naujoves, kurios padeda įmonėms įsitvirtinti bei plėsti veiklą naudingiausiose verslo srityse bei atskirose nišose. Pateiktas universalus vadovavimo organizacijai modelis, kurį taikydamas bet kuris teoriškai ir praktiškai pasirengęs vadovas gali sėkmingai vadovauti organizacijai.Reikšminiai žodžiai: globalizacija, rinka, valdymas, iššūkiai, įsitikinimai, kultas. Abstract: The article analyses various approaches and the main management theories: their advantages, shortcomings, real possibilities of use by managers of companies and entrepreneurs, seeking to ensure competitiveness in the global markets, realising the objectives and obtaining optimal economical and social benefits, increasing potential of the staff due to acquired new skills and knowledge, which in turn allows for even more rapid implementation of innovations that facilitate gaining a foothold and developing the activities in the most expedient/profitable businesses and individual niches. The author provides the universal model of leadership/management in organisation, which could be successfully used for organisation management by any manager who has appropriate theoretical and practical background. MANAGEMENT OF BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBALIZATION: THEORETICAL APPROACH

ĮvadasVadovavimas organizacijai, jos žmonėms yra veikla, kurią galima stebėti ir vertinti, atsižvelgiant į vadovo pasirinktą vadovavimo stilių. Vadovavimo problemos ir asmeniniai vadovavimo stiliai egzistavo šimtus metų, visais istoriniais laikotarpiais. Šias problemas gvildeno, mokslinius tyrimus atliko ir išvadas aptarė įvairūs autoriai. Todėl vadybos mokslo literatūroje pateikiama įvairių vadovavimo stilių, kurie suprantami ne tik kaip metodų, norimo elgesio rinkiniai, bet ir kaip galimybė keisti organizacijos darbinės veiklos būdus. M. Kets De Vries (Кетс де Врис, 2004: 26) teigimu, asmeninis vadovavimo stilius -tai visuma skirtingų vaidmenų, kuriuos prisiima žmonės, atsižvelgiant ir į charakterio bruožus, temperamentą bei įgūdžius. Aiš-kinantis, kodėl vadovas pasirinko vieną ar kitą stilių, remiantis R. L. Draft, P. Lein (Дафт, Лейн 2007: 101-104), reikia kreipti dėmesį į du pagrindinius dalykus -sąlygas ir vadovavimo stilių lemiančius veiksnius bei paties vadovo galimybes jį kryptingai keisti, tobulinti. Vadovo vadovavimo stiliaus formavimuisi įtaką daro objektyvūs ir subjektyvūs veiksniai. Vadovo darbo sėkmė priklauso nuo jo gebėjimo teisingai įvertinti savo pavaldinių brandumo lygį ir pasirinkti atitinkamą elgesio stilių. Taigi galima daryti išvadą, kad nėra vieno 1 Ligita Šimanskienė -profesorė, daktarė. Klaipėdos universiteto Socialinių mokslų fakulteto Vadybos katedra, Regioninės politikos ir planavimo centras Moksliniai

After joining the European Union in 2004, the post-communist countries have dramatically changed their structure of expenditure for medical services. The cause of this is legislative and ownership changes in the new economy. The study analyzed the expenditure on medical services in the European Union with a special focus on Poland, Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia. The European Union countries were divided into clusters using different methods, that is, Ward’s, Two Step and Centroid Clustering. In the paper, the structure and changes in health expenses were presented according to the types of expenditures over the years 2004-2015. Countries were assigned to clusters based on three variables: medical products, appliances and equipment, outpatient services and hospital services. Variables were considered as a percentage of household budget. In Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia, there is a clear increase in the outpatient services spending compared to the hospital services expenditure.