China's rapidly developing economy and the sound Internet era have had an integral influence on the prosperity and rise of the blind box industry. This paper focuses on the lack of market regulation and the corresponding adjustments that need to be made in the context of the era of blind box emergence. The blind box market has expanded exponentially since 2015 and is expected to reach 30 billion by 2024. Not only are blind boxes widely accepted in China, but the consumer base is also diverse. Pop Mart, the hottest blind box toy company, has also made huge profits in the past few years. However, the lack of regulation in the blind box market has become a widespread phenomenon, with most blind box companies facing thousands of unresolved complaints on consumer websites, as well as the existence of some blind boxes that go against ethics. In this regard, the market should be clear regulatory requirements, the government should improve supervision, set a red line for the blind box market.
In citric acid-based carbon dots, molecular fluorophore contributes greatly to the fluorescence emission. In this paper, the nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon dots (N,S-CDs) were prepared, and an independent sulfur source is selected to achieve the doping controllability. The influence of sulfur doping on the molecular fluorophore was systematically studied. The introduction of sulfur atoms may promote the formation of molecular fluorophore due to the increased nitrogen content in CDs. The addition surface states containing sulfur were produced, and S element exists as –SO3, and –SO4 groups. Appreciate ratio of nitrogen and sulfur sources can improve the fluorescence emission. The photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQY) is increased from 56.4% of the single N-doping CDs to 63.4% of double-doping CDs, which ascribes to the synergistic effect of molecular fluorophores and surface states. The sensitivity of fluorescence to pH response and various metal ions was also explored.
Aluminum-doped ZnO (AZO) thin films with thin film metallic glass of Zr50Cu50 as buffer are prepared on glass substrates by the pulsed laser deposition. The influence of buffer thickness and substrate temperature on structural, optical, and electrical properties of AZO thin film are investigated. Increasing the thickness of buffer layer and substrate temperature can both promote the transformation of AZO from amorphous to crystalline structure, while they show (100) and (002) unique preferential orientations, respectively. After inserting Zr50Cu50 layer between the glass substrate and AZO film, the sheet resistance and visible transmittance decrease, but the infrared transmittance increases. With substrate temperature increasing from 25 °C to 520 °C, the sheet resistance of AZO(100 nm)/Zr50Cu50(4 nm) film first increases and then decreases, and the infrared transmittance is improved. The AZO(100 nm)/Zr50Cu50(4 nm) film deposited at a substrate temperature of 360 °C exhibits a low sheet resistance of 26.7 Ω/□, high transmittance of 82.1% in the visible light region, 81.6% in near-infrared region, and low surface roughness of 0.85 nm, which are useful properties for their potential applications in tandem solar cell and infrared technology.
The nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon dots (N, S-CDs) with increased luminescence were synthesized by a hydrothermal process in one green pot by using glucose, and a new sulfur-doping source of sodium sulfite was developed. The synergistic effect of the N and S groups was well discussed through the structure analysis of Fourier transform infrared spectra and x-ray photoelectron spectra. The surface states of N, S-CDs embody more complicated functional groups, and S element exists as –SSO3, –C–SO3, and SO 4 2 − groups due to the introduction of sodium sulfite. The sulfur-containing groups passivate the surface of the CDs, and the relatively high sulfur groups may reduce the non-radiation centers. The fluorescence is affected by the hydroxyl group of the solvent. The quenching of Fe3+ ion to fluorescence and the sensitivity of fluorescence to pH were also investigated.
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