Different fertilization strategies can affect the quality of grapes, which in turn affect the taste of wine. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different fertilization treatments on soil fertility and wine grape berry quality, as well as the relationship of soil bacterial diversity and fertilization. Six-year-old Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon plants were randomly planted in 25 test plots with five fertilization treatments: no fertilization, chemical fertilizer, organic fertilizer, combined chemical and organic fertilizers, and combined chemical, organic fertilizers and soil conditioner. Chemical properties of soil and grape berry quality indicators were detected. The soil bacterial diversity was analyzed using Illumina sequencing. Chemical fertilizer increased the available P and K contents and total N content, while the addition of organic fertilizers and/or soil conditioner increased their contents and the organic matter. The favorable effects of the application of organic fertilizers and soil conditioners on soil fertility and grape quality might be associated with the abundance changes of soil bacteria, including Gemmatimonadetes and Actinobacteria phyla as well as Rubrobacter and Steroidobacter genera. We concluded that the organic fertilizers and soil conditioners could enhance soil fertility and improve wine grape quality, which might be associated with the changes of soil bacteria of Gemmatimonadetes, Actinobacteria, Rubrobacter and Steroidobacte.
Fertilization influences the grape (V. vinifera) quality, soil biochemical profiles and bacterial diversity. Twenty-five experiment plots of grape (V. vinifera L. cv. Cabernet sauvignon, 4-yearold) were assigned into five groups and treated with four fertilization schedules (inorganic, organic, combined fertilizers, and soil conditioners) or without fertilization (Blank control). Properties of soil chemistry and grape quality were determined, and bacterial diversity was analyzed. Soil organic matter was increased by organic and combined fertilizers; available N, P and K and total N contents were increased by all fertilization schedules. Inorganic fertilizers increased tannin content; organic fertilizers increased total phenols and decreased tannin; combined fertilizers decreased soluble solids; and soil conditioners only increased tannin and decreased the total soluble solids, phenol compounds, titratable acids and sugar-acidity ratio. 16S rRNA sequencing analysis showed Micrococcaceae, Cytophagaceae and Streptomycetaceae abundance was increased by inorganic, organic and combined fertilizers, respectively. In comparison with inorganic fertilizers, soil conditioners reduced the abundance of Hyphomicrobiaceae, Micromonosporaceae, Rhodospirillaceae and Sphingomonadaceae. Canonical correspondence analysis showed that soil available N and P as well as grape anthocyanin contents were correlated with Halomonas, Pseudomonas, Rhodoplanes, Steroidobacter and Streptomyces abundance. Application of fertilizers increased soil fertility and grape berry quality via changing profiles of soil bacteria, including Streptomycetaceae, Hyphomicrobiaceae Micrococcaceae and Cytophagaceae families.
The use of chemical fertilizer along with organic fertilizer is an important agricultural practice that improves crop yield but also affects soil biogeochemical cycles. In this study, a maize field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of NPK fertilizer (NPK), organic fertilizer (OF), and their combination (NPK+OF) on soil chemical properties, bacterial and fungal community structures, and diversity compared the control (CK, without any fertilizer). The results showed that the application of OF and NPK-combined OF increased soil organic matter (OM), total N, total P, available N, available P, and available K levels. For alpha diversity analyses, the application of fertilizers led to decreases in soil bacterial and fungal Shannon indices (except for NPK in fungi). Compared with CK, NPK, OF, and NPK+OF fertilization treatments significantly increased the abundances of Acidobacteriota, Gemmatimonadota, and Basidiomycota. Network analysis showed that fertilization produced fewer connections among microbial taxa, especially in the combination of NPK and OF. A redundancy analysis combined with Mantel test further found that the soil OM, available N and P were the main soil-fertility factors driving microbial community variations. Therefore, using organic fertilizer or biological fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer to improve the status of soil C, N, and P is a promising method to maintain the balance of soil microorganisms in maize field.
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