Memini 2022 DOI (link to publisher) 10.4000/memini.2222 document version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record document license Article 25fa Dutch Copyright Act Link to publication in VU Research Portal citation for published version (APA) Franchini, A. M., & Domingues, L. L. Z. (2022). Expérience des morts et expérience des vivants dans les sermones de mortuis du dominicain Angelo da Porta Sole (xive siècle). Memini, 28. https://doi.org/10.4000/memini.2222
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Memini 2022 DOI (link to publisher) 10.4000/memini.2092 document version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record document license Article 25fa Dutch Copyright Act Link to publication in VU Research Portal
La carestia che flagellò l’Europa nel periodo 1257-1260, causata dall’eruzione del vulcano indonesiano Samalas, viene analizzata in questo contributo dal punto di vista delle fonti pubbliche senesi. Ciò che emerge è il fatto che la città toscana, rispetto ad altri comuni del nord Italia, si trovò pronta a gestire quest’emergenza per via delle misure di contrasto e prevenzione delle crisi alimentari che aveva messo in atto nel corso di una precedente carestia che aveva colpito la Toscana nel periodo 1248-1256. Siena riuscì inoltre a volgere l’emergenza a proprio favore nell’ambito della politica estera, utilizzando la necessità di acquistare grano dall’Italia meridionale come pretesto per avvicinarsi politicamente al ghibellino Manfredi di Sicilia senza dover rompere i rapporti con la guelfa Firenze, a cui i senesi erano legati da un trattato di alleanza. Questa constatazione mostra come lo studio della storia dell’ambiente può risultare utile non solo per analisi di natura economico-sociale, ma può avere risvolti anche nell’ambito della storia delle vicende politiche delle società del passato.
This monograph provides an in-depth comparison of lay and religious sources produced in Siena (1260-1330) on criminal justice, conflict and violence. Two main trends have been highlighted in the development of criminal justice in late medieval Italy. Firstly, that the practice of revenge was still popular among members of all social classes. Secondly, that crime was increasingly perceived as a public matter that needed to be dealt with by the government, and not by private citizens. These two aspects are partly contradictory, and the extent to which these models reflect the reality of communal justice is still open to debate. The book sheds light on this question through the contribution of religious sources, which scholars have started comparing only very recently to secular ones with regard to these topics. The underlying argument is that religious people were an effective pressure group with regards to criminal justice, thanks both to the literary works they produced and their direct intervention in political affairs, and their contributions have not received the attention they deserve. It is suggested that the dichotomy between theories and practices of ‘private justice’ (e.g. revenge) and of ‘public justice’ (trials) should be substituted by a framework in which three models, or discourses, of criminal justice are recognised as present in late medieval Italian communes: in addition to the trends described above, also a specifically religious approach to criminal justice based on penitential spirituality should be recognised as an influence on the policies of the communes. This case study shows that, although the models were competing, they also influenced each other; and none of them managed, in this period, to eliminate the others, but they coexisted.
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