An unconditionally stable Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) scheme, which employs a similar technique to the Alternating Direction Implicit (ADI), is proposed to study the electromagnetic wave propagation in bi-isotropic media. In the proposed scheme, the unidimensional Maxwell's equations in the time domain for bi-isotropic media were solved numerically. All transversal field components were included in the formalism to properly account special phenomena that may occur, such as polarization rotation and nonorthogonality between the electric and magnetic fields. The presented results are focused on chiral media.
ResumoNeste trabalho foi desenvolvido um software que prediz a variação de direção de incidência dos raios solares ao longo do ano e dos horários do dia, o qual é utilizado para estimar a melhor orientação na instalação de painéis fotovoltaicos na cidade de Belém/PA. A utilização do potencial de radiação solar em Belém poderá ser transformada em energia útil. Todavia, a eficiência de conversão solar no local também depende das condições atmosféricas que interferem nesse aproveitamento. Portanto, também foram avaliados os efeitos de tempo nublado e chuvoso através da precipitação e da comparação entre a radiação simulada (para céu limpo) e a radiação medida disponibilizada pelo INMET, que estima a radiação real, o que leva em conta efeitos que afetam a radiação, como céu nublado. Portanto, a partir da análise conjunta da radiação solar incidente na superfície com o índice pluviométrico, foi avaliada a potencialidade energética solar do local durante o ano, onde foi possível perceber uma correlação do período de menor precipitação com a elevação no índice de radiação medido, favorecendo nesse período um melhor rendimento energético para o painel fotovoltaico. Palavras-chave: eficiência energética, radiação solar, painel fotovoltaico. Interpretation of the Effects of Cloudy and Rainy Weather in the SolarRadiation at Belem/PA For Use in Photovoltaic Systems Abstract A software that predicts the sunlight direction changes throughout the year and the hours of the day was developed. It is used to estimate the best disposition of photovoltaic panels during installation, with reference to the city of Belém / PA. The local solar radiation can potentially be transformed into useful energy. However, the photovoltaic conversion at the solar site also depends on the atmospheric conditions that interfere with this use. Therefore, we also evaluated the effects of cloudy and rainy weather through precipitation and comparison of the simulated radiation (for clear sky) with the measured radiation provided by INMET, that estimates the real radiation, which takes into account effects impairing the received radiation, such as cloudy sky. Therefore, from the joint analysis of the incident solar radiation on the surface with the rainfall, it is possible to assess the local solar energy potential over the year, whereas a correlation of the lowest rainfall period with an increase of the measured radiation index was noticed, favoring within this period a better energy generation output for the photovoltaic panel. Keywords: energy efficiency, solar radiation, photovoltaic panel. IntroduçãoA radiação eletromagnética que o sol emite e atinge a Terra é considerada hoje uma das fontes de energia renováveis mais viáveis a ser utilizada para conversão à energia elétrica no mundo, tornando-se uma das alternativas promissoras para complementação da matriz energética brasileira. A energia solar fotovoltaica tem um grande potencial no Brasil, devido à sua localização geográfica (Rüther, 2004). Porém, a forma geométrica e a inclinação da terra fazem...
Abstract-A new three-dimensional (3-D) full-vectorial finitedifference (FD)-based beam-propagation method (BPM) is introduced for the analysis of magnetooptic and nonlinear materials. The refractive-index growth in the nonlinear material is allowed to saturate at high optical power densities (cubic-quintic media). The new formalism is capable of handling any combination of linear, nonlinear, and magnetooptic media, and combines, for the first time, the alternating-direction implicit technique (to improve computational performance) with the leapfrog longitudinal scheme (to simplify the solution of the coupled equations for transverse field components). The result is a numerical method that is both computationally efficient and numerically robust. The proposed BPM formalism is applied to investigate a (nonreciprocal) magnetooptic rib waveguide, as well as the new striking phenomena of light condensates propagation in cubic-quintic (saturable) media, the dynamics of which resemble those of liquid droplets.
The design of a new multifunctional integrated optical device capable of operating simultaneously as an optical switch and optical isolator is presented. The device consists of a multilayer directional coupler employing one nonlinear and one magneto-optic layer, with all other layers being linear and isotropic. Therefore, only phase matching conditions are required for the device operation irrespective of the propagation directions and operation regime ͑linear/nonlinear͒. The structure is optimized via a genetic algorithm and tested with a numerical formalism based on the wide-angle finite-difference beam propagation method. The results clearly demonstrate the ability of performing two distinct functions on the same device.
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