Vegetation influences water flow and solute transport in a soil not only because of its transpiration and root uptake of solutes, but also because of its impact on precipitation redistribution on the soil surface. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the precipitation redistribution (stemflow and throughfall) under a beech tree (Fagus sylvatica L.) on the water regime and Al transport within the one‐ and two‐dimensional soil profiles using the HYDRUS‐1D and HYDRUS 2D/3D simulation models. The field study was performed at the Smědava Mountain in the Jizera Mountains in the Czech Republic. Simulations were performed for one selected soil (Haplic Podzol) on a relatively steep hillside. The simulation results for the 1D and 2D scenarios showed that the spatially redistributed precipitation under the beech tree caused funneled water flow and solute transport near the stem base. For the 1D scenarios, slightly higher weighted average water and solute discharge at the bottom were calculated as compared to those for the uniformly distributed precipitation. This spatial difference in discharge was simulated although the weighted average infiltration under the beech tree was lower than that for the uniformly distributed precipitation because runoff during stemflow around the tree bases was also obtained. For the 2D scenarios, all the fluxes simulated by assuming a spatially redistributed precipitation under the trees were higher than the fluxes obtained with the uniformly distributed precipitation because of the higher applied potential infiltration rates along the top boundary for that case. The funneled water and solute flow near the stem base caused the intensive simulated Al leakage around the tree stem. The Al content increased in the subsurface layer at the lower part of the simulated vertical transect as compared to that for the uniformly distributed precipitation. The results suggest that spatially redistributed precipitation should not be neglected when predicting potential leaching of toxic substances toward ground and surface water bodies.
Abstract:The aim of this study was to assess the impact of different vegetation on the distribution of rainfall (due to throughfall and stemflow), water regime, and Al and SO 4 2-leaching from forest soils. The water flow and Al and SO 4 2-transport were modeled using HYDRUS-1D. The study was performed at two elevation transects on the Paličník and Smědava Mountain in Jizera mountains. Podzols and Cambisols were prevailing soil units in this area. It was shown that the effect of the precipitation redistribution on water regime was considerable in the beech forest, while it was almost negligible in the spruce forest. Redistribution of precipitation under trees caused runoff (in one case), increased water discharge through the soil profile bottom, reduction of water storage in the soil, and thus reduction of root water uptake. Simulated Al leaching from the soil profile was determined mainly by the initial Al content in the soil profile bottom. Leaching of SO 4 2-was mainly determined by its initial content in the soil and to a lesser extent by redistributed precipitation and SO 4 2-deposition.
. The calculated runoff coefficients, which express the differences between the water storage obtained and the total outflow, can describe the specific characters of the experimental basins. It may be useful for the estimation of the expected inflow into water reservoirs and also for the hydrological forecasting in the foothills of the Jizerské hory Mountains. The measured data of snow cover also serve as a check, and also for the possible adjustment of the snow water equivalent generated by the model SNOW 17 -which is a part of the forecasting modelling system Aqualog. This system is in everyday use for the Elbe river forecasts in the Forecasting Centre of CHMI. The usefulness of this procedure was proved especially during the floods arising from snowmelts in last years. The model SNOW 17 has been calibrated for the catchment of the Černá Desná Stream with the Jezdecká closing profile (one of the experimental basins in the Jizerské hory Mountains). The results obtained demonstrate a very good capability of the model to duplicate the dynamics of the snow cover accumulation and thaw, if quality input data are available.
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