The aim of this work was to study the presence of mycobacteria in tissue samples from four cadavers fixed with formalin, and tissue samples from a recently deceased unpreserved individual, who had a history of human tuberculosis infection, undergoing a post mortem (cause of death not related to tuberculosis). All were examined for the presence of tuberculous lesions and the specific presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) and M. avium complex (MAC) members by microscopy, culture, and PCR analysis of four genomic elements (IS6110, mtp40, IS901, and IS1245). Microscopy examination after the Ziehl-Neelsen staining and culture examination for the presence of mycobacteria were negative in all 22 tissue samples from the four embalmed cadavers. PCR analysis of IS6110 and mtp40 was positive in tissue samples of tuberculous lesions from the lungs of two embalmed cadavers, and from intact kidney tissue of one of these cadavers. Microscopy and culture examinations of liver and spleen tissues from the unpreserved cadaver were positive for mycobacteria. PCR analysis, specific for M. avium subsp. avium, was positive in both tissue samples with, and without tuberculous lesions.
The sensory corpuscles of Testudo horsfieldii in the skin of the upper lip and face were studied with light and electron microscopy. The sensory corpuscles were situated under epidermis; in the corium and also between the upper jaw bone tissues in the rostral part of oral cavity. The skin sensory corpuscles with a ramified inner core were grouped in clusters. Within the corpuscle there were several simple inner cores embedded within a common superficial capsule. The complex corpuscles have a novel structure in comparison to what has been described for sensory nerve endings in turtle. The complex sensory corpuscles probably function as mechanoreceptors important for monitoring the movement of the keratinized ridges and the most rostral part of the upper jaw, the rhamphotheci.
136The vitreous body is a bradytrophic tissue. Under physiological conditions, it primarily contains a feltwork of collagen fibres, permeated by mucopolysaccharides, sporadic hyalocytes and up to 80% of water. The vitreous body has a gel-like consistence. Clinical experience shows that prolonged presence of erythrocytes and erythrocyte haemolytic-decay products, containing predominantly trivalent ferric ions, has toxic effects on the vitreous body and on the retina (Ballinger et al., 1999). The abovementioned effect is manifested as the loosening of the vitreous fibrillar network, cellular infiltration and, macroscopically, as liquefaction of the vitreous body. Morphologically, this reaction is manifested as inflammatory cellular infiltration, connective tissue proliferation, and as biochemical changes in the vitreous body and retina. Later on, cicatricial processes develop in which fibrous strips form. Epiretinal membranes, which negatively affect the vitreous body transparency and cause traction detachment, play an essential part in numerous complications of proliferating retinopathies, uveitides, vessel occlusions, traumas, primary detachments, and excessive application of laser coagulations. Moreover, they are a dominating factor in the aetiology of chronic hemophthalmos. Vitrectomy enabled the examination of the vitreous body ultrastructure and biochemical examination in vivo. In our case, the ultrastructure of the vitreous body ultrastructure was examined in a patient with hemophthalmos lasting for several months. MATERIAL AND METHODSA patient aged 65 with right-eye hemophthalmos lasting 6 months was referred to our clinic. The visual acuity of the right eye equalled to light perception, with faulty light projection. On the left eye, the visual acuity was 6/6. Ultrasound examination showed beginning cicatricial changes in the vitreous body, the retina was not detached. The patient was operated on using pars plana vitrectomy, and the material obtained was used for examinations after thickening with ultracentrifugation. The tissues were fixated in 2.5% glutaraldhyde solution in phosphate buffer for 3 hours and post-fixated in 2% solution of osmium tetroxide. After dehydration in rising ethylalcohol concentrations, the specimens were embedded into Durcupan ACM Fluca. Thin and ultra-thin sections were prepared on the ultramicrotome Reichert, Jung Ultracut E. After fixation with uranyl acetate and lead citrate, the ultrathin sections were examined with the FEI Morgagni transmission electron microscope. ABSTRACT: Haemolytic products arising in chronic hemophthalmos cause cellular infiltration, necrosis of the vitreous structure, and fibrous membrane formation. In this process, retinal pigment epithelium plays an important role for its antioxidant properties and the capability to phagocyte the decay products.
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