PET/CT is associated with change in staging in approximately 1 out of 3 pediatric patients with HD and NHL. When used for monitoring response to treatment, a negative study is associated with disease-free period, even when residual mass is detected. A positive PET study indicates residual malignant disease.

The usage of a neuronavigation system is safe and may be beneficial for optimal positioning and trajectory of ventricular catheters in children with small ventricles or an abnormal ventricular anatomy.

No abstract

The authors' method provides accurate and repeatable delineation of the tumor and its internal components, which is essential for therapy assessment of LGTs. Reliable tracking of internal tumor components over time is novel and potentially will be useful to streamline and improve follow-up of brain tumors, with indolent growth and behavior.

No abstract

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text

A 4-year-old healthy girl with acute visual loss in the right eye had ophthalmoscopic evidence of a swollen optic disc combined with central retinal artery and vein occlusion in the affected eye. MRI showed that the intraorbital optic nerve on the affected side was thickened and enhancing. Diffusion-weighted imaging showed restricted diffusion in the distal intraorbital segment of the optic nerve, consistent with infarction attributed to compression or inflammation of the vessels serving the optic nerve and retina. Although such clinical phenomena have been described previously, this is the first patient to demonstrate restricted diffusion in an inflammatory optic neuropathy. The presence of restricted diffusion is helpful in excluding a neoplastic cause of a thickened optic nerve.

In this paper, we review the pre-morbid history, clinical syndrome, and imaging. We then discuss possible mechanisms, their implications on decision-making, and the preferred modes of treatment.