BiVO4 has been regarded as a promising material for photoelectrochemical water splitting, but it suffers from a major challenge on charge collection and utilization. In order to meet this challenge, we design a nanoengineered three-dimensional (3D) ordered macro-mesoporous architecture (a kind of inverse opal) of Mo:BiVO4 through a controllable colloidal crystal template method with the help of a sandwich solution infiltration method and adjustable post-heating time. Within expectation, a superior photocurrent density is achieved in return for this design. This enhancement originates primarily from effective charge collection and utilization according to the analysis of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and so on. All the results highlight the great significance of the 3D ordered macro-mesoporous architecture as a promising photoelectrode model for the application in solar conversion. The cooperating amplification effects of nanoengineering from composition regulation and morphology innovation are helpful for creating more purpose-designed photoelectrodes with highly efficient performance.
Na-ion batteries are a potential substitute to Li-ion batteries for energy storage devices. However, the poor electrochemical performance, especially capacity and rate capability are the major bottlenecks to future development. Here we propose a performance-oriented electrode structure, which is 1D nanostructure arrays with large-scale high ordering, well vertical alignment, and large interval spacing. 10 Benefiting from these structure merits, a great enhancement on electrochemical performance could be achieved. To Sb as an example, we firstly report large-scale highly ordered Sb nanorod arrays with uniform large interval spacing (190 nm). In return for this electrode design, high ion accessibility, fast electron transport, and strong electrode integrity are presented here. Used as additive-and binder-free anode for Na-ion batteries, Sb nanorod arrays showed a high capacity of 620 mAh g -1 at the 100th cycle 15 with a retention of 84% up to 250 cycles at 0.2 A g -1 , and superior rate capability for delivering reversible capacities of 579.7 and 557.7 mAh g -1 at 10 and 20 A g -1 , respectively. A full cell coupled by P2-Na 2/3 Ni 1/3 Mn 2/3 O 2 cathode and Sb nanorod arrays anode was also conducted, which showed a good cycle performance up to 250 cycles, high rate capability up to 20 A g -1 , and large energy density up to 130 Wh kg -1 . These excellent electrochemical performances shall pave a way to develop more applications of Sb 20 nanorod arrays in energy storage devices. 65 friendly. 17 The abundance of Sb in the Earth's crust is estimated at 0.2 to 0.5 parts per million. In addition, Sb has been found in over 100 mineral species. Sb is considered a promising anode material for SIBs due to its large Na storage capacity of 660 mAh g -1 , good electronic conductivity, and moderate operating voltage. 17 70 However, the practical application of Sb is mainly hindered by Journal Name, [year], [vol], 00-00 | 7 65 cell was tested with a voltage range of 1.4-4.0 V at a large current density of 0.5 A g -1 (with respect to the anode weight) using 1.0 M NaClO 4 in EC-PC-5% FEC electrolyte. According to the This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry [year] [journal], [year], [vol], 00-00 | 10 Broader contextDue to the lower cost and larger abundance of Na, Na-ion batteries have been a potential alternative to Li-ion batteries for energy storage devices. The development of electrode materials or structures with good electrochemical performance is currently key task in Na-ion batteries research. In this work, we presented a performance-oriented 1D nanostucture arrays with large-scale high ordering, well vertical 5 alignment, and large interval spacing, fabricated by a facile and cost-effective nanoimprinted AAO templating technique, might be successfully used as an electrode and showed an excellent electrochemical performance. This arrays conceptual design is universial to most of electrode materials. Taking antimony (Sb) as an example, large-scale higly ordered Sb nanorod arrays with uniform large interval spac...
Several physico-chemical effects and properties in the solid state involve nanoscale interactions between adjacent materials and morphologies. Arrays of binary nanostructures can generate intimate interactions between different sub-components, but fabricating binary nanostructures is challenging. Here, we propose a concept to achieve diverse binary nanostructure arrays with high degrees of controllability for each of the sub-components, including material, dimension and morphology. This binary nanostructuring concept originates with a distinctive binary-pore anodized aluminium oxide template that includes two dissimilar sets of pores in one matrix, where the openings of the two sets of pores are towards opposite sides of the template. Using the same growth mechanism, the binary-pore template can be extended to multi-pore templates with more geometrical options. We also present photoelectrodes, transistors and plasmonic devices made with our binary nanostructure arrays using different combination of materials and morphologies, and demonstrate superior performances compared to their single-component counterparts.
Sodium ion batteries (SIBs) represent an effective energy storage technology with potentially lower material costs than lithium ion batteries. Here we show that the electrochemical performance of SIBs, especially rate capability, is intimately connected to the electrode design at the nanoscale by taking anatase TiO2 as an example. Highly ordered three-dimensional (3D) Ni-TiO2 core-shell nanoarrays were fabricated using nanoimprited AAO templating technique and directly used as anode. The nanoarrays delivered a reversible capacity of ~200 mA h g-1 after 100 cycles at the current density of 50 mA h g-1 and were able to retain a capacity of ~95 mA h g-1 at the current density as high as 5 A g-1 and fully recover low rate capacity. High ion accessibility, fast electron transport, and excellent electrode integrity were shown as great merits to obtain the presented electrochemical performance. Our work demonstrates the possibility of highly ordered 3D heterostructured nanoarrays as a promising electrode design for Na energy storage to alleviate the reliance on the materials' intrinsic nature, and provides a versatile and cost-effective technique for the fabrication of such perfectly ordered nanostructures.
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