A miniaturized transverse flow gating interface (μ-TFGI) is presented for the on-line coupling of solid-phase extraction with capillary electrophoresis (SPE-CE). The fabrication and operation procedures of the μ-TFGI are described in detail. After the operation conditions were investigated and selected, the μ-TFGI was evaluated on an SPE-CE-UV setup using clenbuterol (CLB) as the test analyte. The preconcentration factors obtained with the SPE-CE-UV system and the SPE-UV part were 600 and 620, respectively. The plate numbers obtained within 3 min were 100000 and 80000 for automatic injection via the μ-TFGI and manual direct injection, respectively. The precisions were 2.4 -6.8% (RSD, %, n = 9) and 3.1% (RSD, %, n = 27) for the recovery (94.3 -101.9%) and migration time of CLB spiked in urine samples, respectively. These results demonstrate that the μ-TFGI has the ability to exactly and reproducibly transfer nanoliters of fractions from SPE onto CE with no degradation of the efficiencies of SPE and CE.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.