Ochratoxin
A (OTA) is a class of mycotoxin that are mainly produced
by Aspergillus and Penicillium and widely found in plant origin food.
OTA-contaminated foods can cause serious harm to animals and humans,
while high stability of OTA makes it difficult to remove in conventional
food processing. Thus, sensitive and rapid detection of OTA undoubtedly
plays an important role in OTA prevention and control. In this paper,
the conventional and novel methods of OTA at home and abroad are summarized
and compared. The latest research progress and related applications
of novel OTA electrochemical biosensors are mainly described with
a new perspective. We innovatively divided the recognition element
into single and combined recognition elements. Specifically, signal
amplification technologies applied to the OTA electrochemical aptasensor
are proposed. Furthermore, summary of the current limitations and
future challenges in OTA analysis is included, which provide reference
for the further research and applications.
Herein, a signal‐on sandwich‐type electrochemiluminescence (ECL) aptasensor for the detection of thrombin (TB) was proposed. The graphene (GR) doped thionine (TH) was electropolymerized synchronously on the bare glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to form co‐polymer (PTG) electrode. The gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were decorated on the surface of the PTG by in‐situ electrodeposition, and the functional co‐polymer (PTG‐AuNPs) electrode was utilized as sensing interface. Then, TB binding aptamer I (TBA I) as capture probes were modified on the PTG‐AuNPs electrode to capture TB, and Ru(bpy)32+/silver nanoparticles doped silica core‐shell nanocomposites‐labeled TB binding aptamer II (RuAg/SiO2NPs@TBA II) were used as signal probes to further bind TB, resulting in a sandwich structure. With the assistant of silica shell and AgNPs, the enrichment and luminous efficiency of Ru(bpy)32+ were significantly improved. Under the synergy of PTG‐AuNPs and RuAg/SiO2NPs, the ECL signal was dramatically increased. The proposed ECL aptasensor displayed a wide linear range from 2 fM to 2 pM with the detection limit of 1 fM, which is comparable or better than that in reported ECL aptasensors for TB using Ru(bpy)32+ and its derivatives as the luminescent substance. The excellent sensitivity makes the proposed aptasensor a promising potential in pharmaceutical and clinical analysis.
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