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There is evidence pointing to a possible role of diet on cancer etiology. Prior studies evaluating the relationship between fish consumption and lung cancer risk reported inconclusive results. The aim of this study was to achieve a comprehensive assessment of the relationship between fish consumption and lung cancer risk through systematic review and meta-analysis. Case control and cohort studies up to September 1, 2012 about fish consumption and lung cancer risk were confirmed by an online search. Separate relative risk (RR) or odds ratio (OR) estimates with 95% confidence interval (CI) of the relationship between lung cancer risk and fish consumption level from the included articles were combined by Stata11.0 software. Publication bias was evaluated by Egger's linear regression test and funnel plot. Twenty articles (17 case-control and 3 cohort studies) comprising 8799 cases of lung cancer and 17,072 noncases were included in the final analysis. The pooled results from all studies indicated that high fish consumption was significantly associated with a decreased risk of lung cancer (pooled RR: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.69-0.92). There was heterogeneity among the studies (I(2) = 73%, P < 0.05). Pooled RR in case control and cohort studies were 0.76 (95% CI: 0.63-0.91) and 0.95 (95% CI: 0.73-1.24), respectively. Omission of any single study had little effect on the combined risk estimates. This article had no publication bias. This study identifies a significant association between fish consumption and lung cancer, confirming a protective role of fish in lung cancer. More well-designed prospective studies are required to further verify the effect of fish consumption on lung cancer.

The prognostic role of survivin expression in breast cancer patients has been widely reported. However, controversy still remains. Thus, a meta-analysis was conducted to obtain a more precise estimation of the relationship between survivin expression and overall survival (OS) in breast cancer patients. Relevant articles were selected for further assessment by online search in PubMed, EMBASE, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. Pooled hazard ratios (HR) with 95 % confidence interval (95 % CI) were used to estimate the strength of the association between survivin expression and OS in breast cancer patients. Funnel plots of Begger's and Egger's linear regression test were used to evaluate the publication bias. Heterogeneity and sensitivity analysis were also assessed. Fifteen studies were included in the final analysis with the total number of 2,202 patients. There was a significant association between positive survivin expression and a poor OS consequence in patients with breast cancer (pooled HR 1.80, 95 % CI 1.55-2.09). No significant heterogeneity was observed among all the eligible studies (x (2) = 21.87, p = 0.081, I (2) = 36.0 %). Publication bias was absent. Sensitivity analysis revealed that the results of this meta-analysis were robust. Our results suggested that high survivin expression had an unfavorable prognostic role for patients with breast cancer.

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Objective To achieve the goal of "healthy China 2030", reasonable health policies must be developed based on the changes of death spectrum. We aim to investigate the temporal patterns of life expectancy (LE) and age/cause-specific contributions from 1990 to 2016. Methods Joinpoint regression model was used with Arriaga's decomposition method. Results LE in China has reached to 76.3 years in 2016 with an increase of 9.44 years from 1990. From 1990 to 2002, a remarkable reduction in infant mortality accounted for an increase of 1.27 years (35.39%) to LE which mainly resulted from diarrhea, lower respiratory, and other common infectious diseases (1.00 years, 27.79%). After 2002, those aged 65+ years contributed most to increased LE and the most prominent causes included cardiovascular diseases (0.67 years, 23.36%), chronic respiratory diseases (0.54 years, 18.76%) and neoplasms (0.39 years, 13.44%). Moreover, the effects of transport injuries changed from negative to positive. After 2007, contributions of transport and unintentional injuries increased especially for males. And for females contributions of cardiovascular diseases sharply increased LE by 1.17 years (32.26%). Conclusion More attention should be paid to cardiovascular diseases, chronic respiratory diseases and neoplasms which were mainly attributed to the increase of LE, especially for males and elderly population.