With the rapid advancement of industrialization and agricultural intensification, the issue of farmland pollution has garnered significant attention. This paper introduces the sources and hazards of farmland pollution, along with the types, principles, and technical advantages of bioremediation. Additionally, it makes a brief prediction of future farmland restoration efforts. Research indicates that the primary sources of farmland pollution currently include four factors: the natural environment, atmospheric deposition, irrigation water, and agricultural production activities. There are two primary methods of remediation for farmland contamination: phytoremediation and microbial remediation. Phytoremediation is mainly used in heavy metal pollution treatment and can be divided into hyper-accumulation plants and low-accumulation crops based on the remediation method. Microbial remediation, meanwhile, is primarily utilized to remediate organic pollution and assist phytoremediation.
Soil contamination is a major threat to the sustainability of agricultural fields and the safety of food production. This paper presented the remediation techniques, including surface covering, encapsulation, thermal restoration, stabilization, solidification, phytoremediation, bioremediation, and combined remediation. Bioremediation, which uses microorganisms to break down contaminants, has gained popularity due to its low cost and minimal secondary pollution. In conclusion, remediation techniques for soil contamination in agricultural fields are essential for maintaining the environmental quality of agricultural products. By utilizing a combination of techniques, we can effectively remediate the soil and ensure the safety of food production.
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