Introduction/Aims: We aimed to determine whether specific severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) vaccines may be associated with acute-onset polyradiculoneuropathy and if they may result in particular clinical presentations.
Methods: We retrospectively reviewed records of all persons presenting with acuteonset polyradiculoneuropathy from January 1, 2021, to June 30, 2021, admitted to two Neuroscience centers, of the West and North Midlands, United Kingdom. We compared subjects with previous SARS-CoV2 vaccine exposure with a local cohort of persons with acute-onset polyradiculoneuropathy admitted between 2005 and 2019 and compared admission numbers for the studied time frame with that of the previous 3 years.Results: Of 24 persons with acute-onset polyradiculoneuropathy, 16 (66.7%) presented within 4 weeks after first SARS-CoV2 vaccine. Fourteen had received the AstraZeneca vaccine and one each, the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines. The final diagnosis was Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) in 12 and acute-onset chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy in 4. Among AstraZeneca vaccine recipients, facial weakness in nine persons (64.3%), bulbar weakness in seven (50%), and the bifacial weakness and distal paresthesias GBS variant in three (21.4%), were more common than in historical controls (P = .01; P = .004, and P = .002, respectively). A 2.6-fold (95% confidence interval: 1.98-3.51) increase in admissions for acute-onset polyradiculoneuropathy was noted during the studied time frame, compared to the same period in the previous 3 years.Discussion: Despite a low risk, smaller than that of SARS-CoV2 infection and its complications, exposure to the first dose of AstraZeneca SARS-CoV2 vaccine may be a risk factor for acute-onset polyradiculoneuropathy, characterized by more common cranial nerve involvement.
Multi-input multi-output (MIMO) radar which has evident advantages in many applications is a new radar system. Applying the MIMO technique to the earth observing synthetic aperture radar (SAR) system offers effective ways for the improvement of high resolution and wide swath imaging and ground moving target indication (GMTI) systems. Designing the optimal orthogonal waveform is a crucial problem in the research on MIMO radar. First, the index definition of synthetic integrated side-lobe level ratio (ISLR) is proposed by focusing on the SAR application and considering the cross-correlation energy influences between orthogonal coding signals with the same frequency band. Second, it is theoretically demonstrated that the performance of synthetic ISLR of orthogonal coding signals with the same frequency band cannot meet the demands of SAR imaging, which has been proved by one-dimensional numerical simulation. Third, it has been shown through numerical simulation that the performance of synthetic ISLR of orthogonal coding signals still cannot be improved by dealing with the mismatched filtering. Finally, a set of orthogonal phase coding signals are designed for multiple MIMO-SAR antennas. The conclusions are verified through MIMO-SAR imaging and InSAR simulation experiments.
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