HF-treated silicon nanowires exhibited excellent photocatalysis, which were even better than some noble metal-modified ones, such as palladium, gold, silver, and rhodium. This phenomenon was critical in the application of silicon-related materials as they are normally employed as a catalyst carrier. These HF-treated silicon nanowires were also stable in solution over 1 week; consequently, a possible explanation for the stability was proposed.

We report macroscopic synthesis of silica nanotubes by the sol–gel template method. A large number of silica nanotubes with small diameters (30–50 nm) were produced and were shaped into flakes successfully. Strong photoluminescence (PL) was observed in both as-grown and annealed nanotube flakes. The PL spectra have maxima at 2.55 and 2.30 eV for the as-grown and annealed samples, respectively; the PL intensity of annealed nanotubes is much higher than that of as-grown nanotubes. The strong emission may be due to the Si–OH complex located on both the inner and outer surfaces of the nanotubes. The nanotube flakes we prepared may have potential applications in future integrated optical devices.

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A patterned Ag structure was grown on a Si nanoporous pillar array (Si-NPA) by an immersion plating method, and its surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) activity toward adenine was studied. It was shown that two kinds of Ag structures were grown on Si-NPA, a continuous film covering the Si-NPA substrate and composed of Ag nanocrystallites (nc-Ag), and a quasi-regular, interconnected network composed of loop-chains of sub-micron Ag crystallites surrounding the porous Si pillars. The SERS detection of low-concentration adenine solution was performed by using Ag/Si-NPA as active substrates, in which significantly enhanced Raman signals were observed. The SERS enhancement was attributed to the active spacing sites formed between the Ag particles and the nc-Ag which met the optimal size for causing a SERS effect. Based on the measured SERS spectra, the adsorption mode of adenine molecules on Ag particles was deduced. These results indicated that Ag/Si-NPA might be a promising active substrate for SERS detection of low-concentration bio-molecules.

Patients with carcinoma in situ of the bladder are at significant risk of cancer progression and death from bladder carcinoma. Cystectomy does not appear to offer a significant survival advantage in patients with carcinoma in situ of the bladder after adjusting for age.

Patients with papillary urothelial neoplasms of LMP have increased risks of local recurrence, progression, and death from bladder carcinoma. Long term clinical follow-up may be indicated for patient management.

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Summary Atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) metal oxides exhibit unique optical, electrical, magnetic, and chemical properties, rendering them a bright application prospect in high-performance smart devices. Given the large variety of both layered and non-layered 2D metal oxides, the controllable synthesis is the critical prerequisite for enabling the exploration of their great potentials. In this review, recent progress in the synthesis of 2D metal oxides is summarized and categorized. Particularly, a brief overview of categories and crystal structures of 2D metal oxides is firstly introduced, followed by a critical discussion of various synthesis methods regarding the growth mechanisms, advantages, and limitations. Finally, the existing challenges are presented to provide possible future research directions regarding the synthesis of 2D metal oxides. This work can provide useful guidance on developing innovative approaches for producing both 2D layered and non-layered nanostructures and assist with the acceleration of the research of 2D metal oxides.