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The reason of burnout is the negative influence of job stress. Due to burnout nurses work may become less productive, employees are absent due to illness, as well as the fluctuation of staff increases. It shows the need to develop adaptive coping strategies among nurses. The aim of the study was to find out stress coping mechanisms and burnout presence among nurses practicing in Latvia. The instruments which used for data collection: demographic questionnaire, R.S. Lazarus and S. Folkman's The Ways of Coping Scale and Maslach Burnout Inventory. The Ways of Coping Scale completed by 484 nurses working in healthcare institutions in different regions of Latvia in the age range from 21 to 66 years. The highest values have: planful problem-solving, self-controlling and positive reappraisal, accepting responsibility and seeking social support; while the lowest values can be seen in two scales -confrontive coping and escape/avoidance. The prevailing ways of coping stress in the sample are planful problem solving, self-controlling and positive reappraisal. Maslach burned out inventory which was completed by 587 practicing nurses. Age range of respondents was from 22 to 68 years. Descriptive statistical parameters for Maslach Burnot Inventory by subscales: mean for Emotional Exhaustion subscale -22.75 (SD=10.75), for Depersonalization subscale was 7.52 (SD=5.30) and for rank of Personal achievement subscale -34.57 (SD=8.22).

Aims To investigate how nursing experts and experts from other health professions understand the concept of rationing/missed/unfinished nursing care and how this is compared at a cross‐cultural level. Design The mixed methods descriptive study. Methods The semi‐structured questionnaires were sent to the sample of 45 scholars and practitioners from 26 countries. Data were collected from November 2017–February 2018. Results Assigning average cultural values to participants from each country revealed three cultural groups: high individualism‐high masculinity, high individualism‐low masculinity and low individualism‐medium masculinity. Content analysis of the findings revealed three main themes, which were identified across cultural clusters: (a) projecting blame for the phenomenon: Blaming the nurse versus blaming the system; (b) intentionality versus unintentionality; and (c) focus on nurses in comparison to focus on patients. Conclusion Consistent differences in the understanding of missed nursing care can be understood in line with the nation's standing on two main cultural values: individualism and masculinity. Impact The findings call for scholars' caution in interpreting missed nursing care from different cultures, or in comparing levels and types of missed nursing tasks across nations. The findings further indicated that mimicking interventions to limit missed nursing care from one cultural context to the other might be ineffective. Interventions to mitigate the phenomenon should be implemented thoughtfully, considering the cultural aspects.

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Training of non-technical skills helps to achieve reduction of human errors that could contribute to safety of patients. For assessment of non-technical skills of Operating Room (OR) nurses, researchers of the University of Aberdeen developed intra-operative work organization protocol for observation of non-technical behaviour. This system includes taxonomy of non-technical skills, definitions, desirable and adverse behavioural markers, and Likert scale for behavioural assessment. The objective of this research is to assess non-technical skills of OR nurses in work environment and compare the findings with OR nurses self-assessment of non-technical skills. The study involved 15 interviews with OR nurses in sterile position (scrub nurses) and 15 observations of their work in four hospitals. Providing self-assessment, OR nurses note a tendency to minimal communication. In practice, nurses often show good ability to think analytically, to predict events and needs and are able to act decisively during surgery. OR nurses in Latvia partially associate their work with non-technical skills, however in practice these skills are used, and they were relatively highly valued during the study. Insufficient self-assessment of such skills of nurses as cooperation in performance of physical tasks, promotion of personnel safety and decisive action, indicates the need for development of scrub nurse's work standards with clearly defined area of responsibility and duties.