Infertility usually causes mental health problems for patients and unfavorable emotions such as anxiety and depression can have an adverse effect on women's normal pregnancy. We aimed to compare the anxiety level between infertile female patients in quarantined and non-quarantined areas during the second wave of COVID-19 epidemic. A total of 759 infertile women were included in this cross-sectional study conducted through an online survey. Anxiety was measured by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) tool. Participants were divided into the quarantined group (QG) and non-quarantined group (Non-QG). Independent sample T-test and chi-square test were performed to examine the difference between the two groups. There was no significant difference in the average STAI score of the two groups of infertile women, but responses to the emotional state showed that women in the QG had a higher tendency to be anxious. Participants in QG spent more time paying attention to the dynamics of the epidemic every day, and their sleep (p < 0.01) and mood conditions were worse (p < 0.01) than in the Non-QG. The family relationship of QG is more tense than non-QG. Through the research on the infertility treatment information of the overall research population, it is found the average STAI-State (STAI-S) (p = 0.031) score and STAI-Trait (STAI-T) (p = 0.005) score of women who were infertile for more than 3 years were significantly higher than those of women with <2 years. The STAI-T score of infertile women who underwent in vitro fertilization (IVF) was higher than that of non-IVF women (p = 0.007), but no significant difference was observed with the STAI-S score. To conclude, although the second wave of quarantine during COVID-19 epidemic did not significantly increase anxiety in infertile women, it did lead to an increase in other negative emotions and worse family relationships. Patients with long-term infertility treatment and those who have had IVF are more anxious subgroups.
The pathogenesis and therapeutic treatment of intrauterine adhesions (IUAs) remain unsolved, highlighting the need for stable and effective experimental animal models. In this study, uterine electrocoagulation of twenty-one female New Zealand White rabbits was carried out to establish an IUA model. As rabbits have two completely separate uterine horns, each rabbit had its own internal control: one uterine horn was given an electrothermal injury (Group A, n=21), and the contralateral uterine horn received no treatment and served as the control (Group B, n=21). The endometrial morphology, number of endometrial glands, area of endometrial fibrosis, and number of implanted fetuses were compared between the two groups. In Group A, the numbers of endometrial glands on Days 7 and 14 and the number of implanted fetuses were significantly lower than those in Group B (P<0.05, P<0.05, and P<0.01, respectively), while the ratio of the area with endometrial stromal fibrosis to the total endometrial area was significantly increased (P<0.01). These results suggest that this method of electrothermal injury is effective for the establishment of a rabbit IUA model between 7 and 14 d after surgery.
Objective:To evaluate the effects of different treatment methods for previous ectopic pregnancies (EP) on cryopreserved embryo transfer (CET) outcomes.Materials and Methods:This was a retrospective cohort study. Patients with EP histories were divided into four groups based on their previous EP treatments: Group 1–unilateral tubal removal; Group: 2–bilateral tubal removal or unilateral tubal removal with contralateral tubal ligation; Group: 3–conservative surgery group; and Group 4–conservative medication group. A total of 1333 women with previous histories of being admitted to the hospital for CET treatment were consecutively enrolled between January 2009 and December 2014.Results:Patients who underwent bilateral tubal ligation or removal had a lower miscarriage rate [8.88% vs. 3.46%, p = 0.006, odds ratio = 2.718, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.301–5.677] than those who underwent unilateral tubal removal. No significant difference was observed in the rate of EP after CET in the four groups in women with EP histories. (p1 = 0.258, 95%CI = 0.113–1.836; p2 = 0.137, 95%CI = 0.975–0.997; p3 = 0.314, 95%CI = 0.987–1.001; p4 = 0.198, 95%CI = 0.987–1.001). The groups were not different with regard to other pregnancy outcomes.Conclusion:There was no significant difference among EP treatment methods with regard to their impacts on CET outcomes in women with EP histories. Bilateral tubal ligation or removal surgery can decrease the miscarriage rate after CET.
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