This paper describes the identification of an outbreak of fowlpox in backyard chickens in two villages the state of Bahia, the intervention strategy to control the disease by adopting health measures and vaccination, as well as the impact of the intervention. The diagnosis was based in clinical and laboratory data. After the diagnosis was confirmed, control measures and the vaccination of non-infected birds were recommended. Finally, the impact of the intervention on reincidence of the disease was evaluated. A number of 700 chickens was vaccinated, after which only 9% of the farmers reported the occurrence of new cases, and 70% informed the acquisition of new birds after vaccination. The information reported in this paper can be useful to design strategic plans to control fowlpox in backyard chickens.
Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar a frequência de anticorpos contra o metapneumovírus aviário (AMPV) em criações, não vacinadas, de frangos de corte e galinhas de quintal no polo avícola do Estado da Bahia. Coletaram-se 622 amostras de soro de criações de frangos de corte e 268 amostras de galinhas de quintal. A sorologia foi realizada por meio do kit comercial de ELISA indireto. Na análise estatística utilizou-se o teste t de Student com intervalo de confiança de 95%. Detectaram-se aves soropositivas para o AMPV tanto nos frangos de corte (144; 23,15%) quanto nas galinhas de quintal (187; 69,78%) (p = 0,1). Os lotes de frangos de corte tiveram frequência de anticorpos contra o AMPV de 77,14% e as propriedades de aves caipiras de 94,12%. No grupo de frangos de corte evidenciaram-se anticorpos contra o vírus em 66,67% e 33,33% das aves com e sem sintomas respiratórios, respectivamente. Já nas aves caipiras foram encontradas frequências elevadas de soropositivas tanto nas aves com sintomas respiratórios (60,43%) quanto naquelas sem sintomas (39,57%). Os resultados demonstram que houve infecção pelo vírus nas criações de frangos de corte e de galinhas de quintal, sugerindo a presença do AMPV no polo avícola da Bahia. PALAVRAS-CHAVES: ELISA indireto, frangos de corte, galinhas de quintal, metapneumovírus aviário.
Animal origin flours is the non-edible by-product resulting from the processing of waste from the slaughter of animals, not intended for human consumption. In addition to taking advantage of waste, this process aims to reduce environmental damage. However, during some stage of the process of its elaboration may occur contamination by antimicrobials resistant microorganisms such as Salmonella spp. When serving as food for these animals, these products can spread pathogens on farms, causing flock infection. Food contaminated with Salmonella spp. antimicrobial resistant has a direct negative impact on poultry performance, as well as a risk to consumer health through carcass consumption. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the antimicrobial resistance profile in Salmonella spp. isolated from non-edible animal from slaughterhouses located in Bahia and Pernambuco states, Brazil. From biochemical tests for isolation and identification of Salmonella spp., 81 isolates were randomly selected to be submitted to antimicrobial susceptibility testing using the plate diffusion method. Most of the isolates was sensitive to the antimicrobials tested. Nalidixic acid showed the highest percentage among those that were resistant, one of the antimicrobials used in the treatment of salmonellosis. This fact can be considered worrying, since the food production chain of animal origin can be an important carrier of resistant strains, especially since it is at the beginning of the production process.
The slaughter process produces carcasses, which are of greater commercial value, and by-products, which can be separated into edible or non-edible products. The latter is intended for the preparation of products not fit for human consumption, such as animal meal. The use of animal meal as feed ingredients reduces the environmental damage caused by the waste from the slaughterhouses and supplies nutritional and economic characteristics in the poultry sector. However, contamination by microorganisms such as Salmonella spp. plays an important role in the spread of the pathogen in poultry farms. This in turn negatively impacts poultry performance and can be a consumer health risk. In this report, we review the process for extracting proteinaceous waste from these by-products and the risk of contamination by Salmonella spp. in the food chain of animal products.
Non-edible by-products of animal origin are slaughter waste from slaughter animals that after processing give rise to animal meal which in turn is used as ingredients in the preparation of animal feed such as farm animals. Although this practice has its advantages in reducing environmental impact and meeting the nutritional needs of animals, it can serve as a vehicle for microorganisms such as Salmonella spp. Since food can play an important role in the dissemination of pathogens in the poultry production chain through feeding, the objective of the present study was to investigate the presence of Salmonella spp. samples of non-edible flours of animal origin used in the formulation of feed and also of feed produced from these by-products in slaughterhouses received from Bahia and Pernambuco states, Brazil and that are used in the industrial poultry farms of these States. Out of 649 samples of animal origin flours and feed were analyzed, of which 110 (16.9%) presented Salmonella spp. Statistical analysis, through descriptive analysis and Pearson’s chi-squase association test (X2) showed an association between the presence of Salmonella spp. and the different types of inedible foods analyzed (p<0.05).This contamination in the analyzed samples indicates failure in the microbiological control during and/or after processing of animal origin flours, making them the sources of pathogen dissemination in the poultry chain.
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