Marine bacteria produce natural pigments; however, the ability of marine bacterial symbionts to produce natural pigments has been less studied. Marine bacteria associated with soft-coral Sarcophyton sp. collected from Karimunjawa Island were successfully isolated and screened to synthesize the carotenoid pigments. This approach has allowed the use of these symbionts as an environmental friendly source of new natural pigments. Out of 33 bacterial isolates, only 4 bacterial symbionts (CBSCP 2-2, CBSCP 2-3, CBSCP 1-1, and CBSCP 2-4), positively contain carotenoid pigments. Molecular identification based on 16S rDNA method showed that bacterial symbionts CBSCP 2-2, CBSCP 2-3, CBSCP 1-1, and CBSCP 2-4 were closely related to Pseudoalteromonas shioyasakiensis, Pseudoalteromonas rubra, Virgibacillus salaries, and Pseudoalteromonas spongiae. Pigment analysis showed that the pigments have been categorized within the groups of carotenoid pigments. Antioxidant activity of pigment extracts was done by measuring inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) of pigment extract against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) solution. The antioxidant activity measurement of CBSCP 1-1, CBSCP 2-2, CBSCP 2-3, and CBSCP 2-4 extract, and b-carotene was 2015, 5017, 2520, 4213, and 1980 mg l -1 , respectively.
Abstract. Kusmita L, Nuryadi H, Widyananto PA, Muchlissin S, Sabdono A, Trianto A, Radjasa OK. 2021. Bioactivity of carotenoid produced by soft coral symbiotic microorganisms from Panjang and Karimunjawa Island, Centra Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 732-740. The diversity of soft corals is more varied in waters. One of the characteristics of soft corals is the production of secondary metabolites, i. i.e. carotenoids. Carotenoids are phytonutrients found in the cells of a wide variety of plants, algae, and bacteria as secondary metabolic compounds with antioxidant functions. Carotenoid biosynthesis is strongly influenced by the environment in which the producing organism grows. This study was aimed to uncover the antioxidant and anti-ultraviolet activities of carotenoids produced by soft coral symbiotic microorganisms in the waters surrounding the Panjang and Karimunjawa Islands in the North Java Sea, Indonesia. The parameters observed included water quality, antioxidant activity, and anti-ultraviolet activity. The results indicated that the water quality at Panjang Island did not meet quality standards (including salinity, visibility, dissolved oxygen, ammonia, and nitrate) while that at Karimunjawa did. The diversity of soft corals was more varied at Karimunjawa Island than at Panjang Island. In contrast to the bioactivity, the carotenoid extracts from the Panjang Island soft coral symbiotic microorganisms showed higher activity than those from Karimunjawa Island microorganisms. The highest antioxidant activity was found in the bacterial isolate 19.PP.Sc1.6 from Panjang Island and was identified based on the 16S rRNA gene as Virgibacillus salarius, with 99% similarity.
Objective
Cisplatin is a conventional anticancer drug that generates reactive oxygen species and causes apoptosis. However, many cancer cells develop alterations in the ATP binding cassette transporter responsible for the uptake and efflux process, which leads to resistance. Many natural products have shown potential to compete with ATP binding cassette transporter and may sensitize resistant cells to cisplatin. Studies have shown pro-oxidant effect of carotenoids that promote apoptosis of cancer cells. Bixin and fucoxanthin are well-known carotenoids with known antioxidant properties, however their bioactivity in lung cancer cells, clinically known to develop resistance due to ATP binding cassette transporter, has been minimally studied. This study is the first to investigate the potential of bixin and fucoxanthin to sensitize human lung cancer cell line, A549 and cervical cancer cell line, HeLa, to cisplatin. Drug combination method developed by Chou and Talalay theorem was employed.
Result
Employing the best combination ratio, this study shows selective sensitization of cancer cells to cisplatin after bixin and fucoxanthin treatment. Further study on the mechanism of action in specific types of cancer cells is warranted. It may improve cisplatin sensitivity in tumors and rational use of cancer drugs.
Graphical Abstract
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