The wide band antenna is a key technique for the passive radar. This paper proposed a new kind of wide band antenna combined with the Archimedean spiral and hemispherical helix for passive radar application. For the new antenna, the planar Archimedean spiral is mounted on the top of the hemispherical helix, and it is fed at the center of the Archimedean spiral. An antenna with specific structure and parameters was designed and simulated to obtain its radiation performances over the operating frequency range from 2GHz to 10GHz. For entire operating frequency range, the simulated gain is greater than 5 dBi and the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) is less than 2 when the characteristic impedance of transmission line at the terminal is 240Ω. Wide beam and approximately circular polarization characteristics are also observed. The simulation results demonstrate that the new kind of antenna has wide band radiation performances, which can be used in passive radars. Furthermore, the proposed antenna has simple structure and low cost, so it is suitable for mass fabrication.
The Vivaldi antennas are widely used in many wide band electronic systems for its good performances. This paper designed and simulated two kinds of Vivaldi antennas for wide band passive radar applications, which are the antipodal Vivaldi antenna fed by strip line and antipodal Vivaldi antenna fed by microstrip line. The specific design parameters and the radiation performances of each kind of vivaldi antenna are provided over the operating frequency range of 3GHz to 11GHz. Furthermore a circular antenna array with six Vivaldi antenna elements fed by microstrip lines was also simulated to obtain its radiation performances over the operating frequency range of 3GHz to 8GHz. The simulation results demonstrate the designed Vivaldi antennas have acceptable performances of voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), patterns and gains, so they can be used in practical wide band radars.
The Vivaldi antenna is a kind of wide band antenna, which is widely used in many wide band electronic systems. This paper designed and fabricated a specific antipodal Vivaldi antenna (AVA) for practical application. The operating frequency range of fabricated AVA is from 2 GHz to 11GHz. The length and width of the fabricated AVA are 92.7millimeter and 110.4millimeter, respectively. A practical AVA was fabricated according to simulation parameters. The experimental results of the AVA are provided and analyzed. For the fabricated AVA, the measured average voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) is 2 and gains are higher than 0 dB within the operating frequency range. Meanwhile, the wide beam performances are also observed. The experimental research on the AVA can be as a technical reference for the design and implementation of other Vivaldi antennas.
The Archimedean spiral (ARSP) antenna is widely used in many wide band electronic systems due to its good radiation performances. This paper designed and fabricated a specific planar ARSP antenna within the operating frequency range of 1 GHz to 9GHz. The meander line technique was employed to miniaturize the planar ARSP antenna. The designed ARSP antenna was fed by a wide band miniaturized bent microstrip Balun. The diameter of the fabricated ARSP antenna was 82 millimeters. A metal cavity filled with absorber materials was used to obtain the unidirectional radiation patterns and its height was 30 millimeters. The parameters of designed ARSP antenna were determined by numerical simulations. A practical designed ARSP antenna was fabricated according to designed parameters and the experimental results of the fabricated ARSP antenna are provided. The experimental research results demonstrate that the fabricated ARSP antenna has radiation performances of wide beam and approximately circular polarization. The fabricated ARSP antenna can be used in several practical electronic systems such as wide band radar systems.
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