A set of the Classic and official Jun ware shards found at various kilns at Yuzhou (Henan) are analyzed. The blue color and milky appearance of the glazes subject of intense debate as being due to either the glaze nanostructure or chemistry. The presence of submillimetre areas showing different color and opacity gives to the glazes a three dimensional cloudy sky appearance. Nanostructure and chemistry of the glazes, oxidation state of iron and nature of the copper nanoprecipitates are studied at a submillimetre level. Images of the glaze nanostructures are obtained using a Focus Ion Beam and Scanning Electron Microscope with nanometric resolution. The size and volume fraction of the nanostructures determined by image treatment are related to the chemical composition of the glazes. Differences between kiln productions are found and the origin of the color and opacity of the glazes discussed in terms of the chemistry and nanostructure.
The first successful sand-control was achieved in the Mu Us Desert by local people in the 1950–1960s, and their experience and approach have been extended to the whole Ordos and Northern China since then. The objective of this paper is to assess comprehensively the effectiveness of sand-control in 15 counties in and around Mu Us using multitemporal satellite images and socioeconomic data. After atmospheric correction, Landsat TM and OLI images were harnessed for land cover classification based on the ground-truth data and for derivation of the GDVI (generalized difference vegetation index) to extract the biophysical changes of the managed desert and desertification. Climatic, socioeconomic, environmental and spatial factors were selected for coupling analysis by multiple linear and logistic regression models to reveal the driving forces of desertification and their spatial determinants. The results show that from 1991 to 2020, 8712 km2 or 63% of the desert has been converted into pastures and shrublands with a greenness increase of 0.3509 in GDVI; the effectiveness of sand-control is favored by the rational agropastoral activities and policies; though desertification occurs locally, it is associated with both climatic and socioeconomic factors, such as wind speed, precipitation, water availability, distance to roads and animal husbandry.
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