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Aims: Imatinib plasma trough levels (IM C_min) have been reported to have a considerable clinical impact in patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). We therefore have investigated the factors affecting IM plasma concentration in Chinese GIST patients. Methods: IM C_min in 190 patients with GIST who were taking IM were measured. Results: In patients treated with IM 300 mg/day (n = 16), 400 mg/day (n = 168), and > 400 mg/day (500: n = 1, 600: n = 5), IM C_min was 1,564.54 ± 596.15, 1,521.26 ± 610.33, and 2,540.31 ± 1,298.14 ng/mL, respectively. Of the 168 patients treated with IM 400 mg/day, IM C_min was significantly lower in males (1,353.94 ± 492.89 ng/mL) than in females (1,680.79 ± 669.03 ng/mL, p < 0.01), and in patients with gastrectomy (1,439.60 ± 587.66 ng/mL) than those without gastrectomy (1,649.88 ± 620.12 ng/mL) (p = 0.033). High IM C_min was correlated with low body weight (p = 0.004) and low body surface area (p < 0.001). Conclusion: IM C_min at steady state was significantly associated with body weight and body surface area. Monitoring of IM C_min might be particularly important for the optimal treatment with IM of male patients and those who have undergone gastrectomy.

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The increasing number of photovoltaic (PV) generation and electric vehicles (EVs) on the load side has necessitated an aggregator (Agg) in power system operation. In this paper, an Agg is used to manage the energy profiles of PV generation and EVs. However, the daily management of the Agg is challenged by uncertain PV fluctuations. To address this problem, a robust multi-time scale energy management strategy for the Agg is proposed. In a day-ahead phase, robust optimization is developed to determine the power schedule. In a real-time phase, a rolling horizon-based convex optimization model is established to track the day-ahead power schedule based on the flexibilities of the EVs. A case study indicates a good scheduling performance under an uncertain PV output. Through the convexification, the solving efficiency of the real-time operation model is improved, and the overcharging and over-discharging problems of EVs can be suppressed to a certain extent. Moreover, the power deviation between day-ahead and real-time scheduling is controllable when the EV dispatching capacity is sufficient. The strategy can ensure the flexibility of the Agg for real-time operation.