Anthracite is globally used as a filter material for
water purification.
Herein, it was found that up to 15 disinfection byproducts (DBPs)
were formed in the chlorination of anthracite-filtered pure water,
while the levels of DBPs were below the detection limit in the chlorination
of zeolite-, quartz sand-, and porcelain sandstone-filtered pure water.
In new-anthracite-filtered water, the levels of dissolved organic
carbon (DOC), dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), and ammonia nitrogen
(NH3–N) ranged from 266.3 to 305.4 μg/L, 37
to 61 μg/L, and 8.6 to 17.1 μg/L, respectively. In aged
anthracite (collected from a filter at a DWTP after one year of operation)
filtered water, the levels of the above substances ranged from 475.1
to 597.5 μg/L, 62.1 to 125.6 μg/L, and 14 to 28.9 μg/L,
respectively. Anthracite would release dissolved substances into filtered
water, and aged anthracite releases more substances than new anthracite.
The released organics were partly (around 5%) composed by the μg/L
level of toxic and carcinogenic aromatic carbons including pyridine,
paraxylene, benzene, naphthalene, and phenanthrene, while over 95%
of the released organics could not be identified. Organic carbon may
be torn off from the carbon skeleton structure of anthracite due to
hydrodynamic force in the water filtration process.
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