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These results support a reevaluation of the role of surgery in the multimodality therapy for small cell lung cancer, which currently includes only radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP-2) is a malignancy-associated protein measurable in tumors and blood. Increased IGFBP-2 is associated with shortened survival of advanced glioma patients. Thus, we examined plasma IGFBP-2 levels in glioma patients and healthy controls to evaluate its value as a plasma biomarker for glioma. Plasma IGFBP-2 levels in 196 patients with newly diagnosed glioma and 55 healthy controls were analyzed using an IGFBP-2 ELISA kit. Blood was collected before surgery, after two-cycle adjuvant chemotherapy, and at recurrence. Plasma IGFBP-2 levels were correlated with disease-free survival (DFS) using Cox regression analyses. We found that preoperative plasma IGFBP-2 levels were significantly higher in high-grade glioma patients (n 5 43 for grade III glioma; n 5 72 for glioblastoma multiforme [GBM]) than in healthy controls (n 5 55; p , 0.001) and low-grade (grade II) glioma patients (n 5 81; p , 0.001). No significant differences in preoperative plasma IGFBP-2 levels were observed between grade III glioma and GBM patients or between grade II glioma patients and healthy controls. After recurrence, plasma IGFBP-2 levels were significantly increased in GBM patients (n 5 26; p , 0.001). Preoperative plasma IGFBP-2 levels were significantly correlated with DFS in GBM patients (hazard ratio, 1.404; 95% confidence interval, 1.078-1.828; p 5 0.012). We conclude that preoperative plasma IGFBP-2 levels are significantly higher in high-grade glioma patients than in low-grade glioma patients and healthy subjects, and are significantly correlated with recurrence and DFS in patients with GBM. Longitudinal studies with a larger study population are needed to confirm these findings.

Recent work has identified a mouse gene (tsg101) whose inactivation in fibroblasts results in cellular transformation and the ability to produce metastatic tumors in nude mice. Here, we report that the human homolog, TSG101, which we isolated and mapped to chromosome 11, bands 15.1-15.2, a region proposed to contain tumor suppressor gene(s), is mutated at high frequency in human breast cancer. In 7 of 15 uncultured primary human breast carcinomas, intragenic deletions were shown in TSG101 genomic DNA and transcripts by gel and sequence analysis, and mutations affecting two TSG101 alleles were identified in four of these cancers. No TSG101 defects were found in matched normal breast tissue from the breast cancer patients. These findings strongly implicate TSG101 mutations in human breast cancer.

BackgroundIndependent transcriptome profile analyses of miRNAs or mRNAs under conditions of cadmium (Cd) stress have been widely reported in plants. However, a combined analysis of sRNA sequencing expression data with miRNA target expression data to infer the relative activities of miRNAs that regulate gene expression changes resulting from Cd stress has not been reported in rice. To elucidate the roles played by miRNAs in the regulation of changes in gene expression in response to Cd stress in rice (Oryza sativa L.), we simultaneously characterized changes in the miRNA and mRNA profiles following treatment with Cd.ResultsA total of 163 miRNAs and 2,574 mRNAs were identified to be differentially expressed under Cd stress, and the changes in the gene expression profile in the shoot were distinct from those in the root. At the miRNA level, 141 known miRNAs belonging to 48 families, and 39 known miRNAs in 23 families were identified to be differentially expressed in the root and shoot, respectively. In addition, we identified eight new miRNA candidates from the root and five from the shoot that were differentially expressed in response to Cd treatment. For the mRNAs, we identified 1,044 genes in the root and 448 genes in the shoot that were up-regulated, while 572 and 645 genes were down-regulated in the root and shoot, respectively. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses showed that genes encoding secondary, metabolite synthases, signaling molecules, and ABC transporters were significantly enriched in the root, while only ribosomal protein and carotenoid biosynthesis genes were significantly enriched in the shoot. Then 10 known miRNA-mRNA interaction pairs and six new candidate ones, that showed the opposite expression patterns, were identified by aligning our two datasets against online databases and by using the UEA sRNA toolkit respectively.ConclusionsThis study is the first to use high throughput DNA sequencing to simultaneously detect changes in miRNA and mRNA expression patterns in the root and shoot in response to Cd treatment. These integrated high-throughput expression data provide a valuable resource to examine global genome expression changes in response to Cd treatment and how these are regulated by miRNAs.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-835) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Compound 1, a new fluorescent chemosensor signaling via significantly enhanced fluorescence when bound with cation analytes, was synthesized and characterized. This fluorescent chemosensor exhibits its selectivity to Cd2+ among a series of cations in HEPES buffer solution. Its in vitro sensitivity to Cd2+ was demonstrated in the HK-2 cell line with use of confocal microscopy. The mechanistic selectivity and sensitivity of compound 1 to Cd2+ was discussed on the basis of fluorescence, 1H NMR, and mass spectroscopic results.

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Chemosensitivity determined by the HDRA seems to be a strong predictor of survival in patients with advanced HNSCC and should be considered further.