Floor slipperiness assessment was conducted in a food factory in northern Taiwan. Three areas in the popcorn sector of the factory were measured. The friction measurements were conducted using the Brungraber Mark II slipmeter. A total of 96 measurements of the coefficient of friction on the floor were conducted. In addition, six employees were interviewed concerning their experiences of slipping and falling in the sector and their perception of floor slipperiness. The results showed that all the readings in the measurement areas were lower than 0.5, a safety standard commonly adopted in the USA. All the interviewees reported that they had the experiences of slipping without falling in the sector. All of them reported the floor in the popping area was “extremely slipperiness.” Ergonomic interventions are required and in this sector.
Floor slipperiness assessment was conducted in a supermarket in central Taiwan. The floor slip resistances in the meat cutting, cooking, and baking areas were measured. The friction measurements were conducted using the Brungraber Mark II slipmeter. The results showed that the slip resistance in the meat cutting areas was significantly higher (p<0.05) than those of the other two areas. The slip resistances between the cooking (0.49) and baking (0.51) areas were not significant. The slip resistance of the dry surface (0.64) was significantly higher than those of the wet (0.28) and oily (0.34) surfaces. The slip resistances between the wet and oily surfaces were not significant. All the wet and oily floors in the shop had COF values lower than 0.5, a safety standard commonly adopted in the USA. Ergonomic interventions were recommended.
Friction measurements in the field were conducted in twelve restaurants in Taiwan. Four restaurants for each of the Chinese style, western style, and western style fast food restaurant were visited. The Brungraber Mark II slipmeter was adopte to measure the coefficient of friction (COF) in three areas in each of the restaurant. The results showed that three, two Chinese style and one western style, of the restaurants had mean COF lower than 0.5, a safety standard commonly adopted in the USA. Engineering/managerial interventions are required for those restaurants as far as employee safety is concerned. The fast food restaurants had more consistent COF levels than those of the other two types of restaurants as these restaurants only operate down-stream food preparation in the store. The Chinese style restaurants had significantly (p<0.05) lower COF than those of the western style restaurants. This was consistent with the commonly belief that Chinese style cuisine is much greasy, in general, as compared to those of western cooking.
Conducting polyaniline (PANI) nanofibers were synthesized by interfacial polymerization with ethanol/water, n-butyl alcohol/water and n-hexyl alcohol/water as reaction media, respectively. It was characterized by four-probe method, FTIR, UV-Vis, XRD, SEM techniques etc. The results showed that the n-butyl alcohol/water system provided a better reaction environment for the preparation of PANI nanofibers. The optimal conductivity value of PANI nanofibers was 3.55 S/cm; the diameter was between 60 and 100nm and the length was from 600nm to several microns. The electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of the PANI nanofibers was from 38dB to 79dB, which was measured by coaxial method from 10KHz to 4GHz. According to the results, the PANI nanofibers could be used as electromagnetic shielding materials.
legislation, all employers have to perform a risk assessment to identify workers exposed to HBV and offer them vaccination. Immunisation should be done as early as possible after the start of their career to avoid HBV infection and the development of a carrier status. Methods We performed a cross-sectional survey of representatives from the Occupational Medicine section of the European Union of Medical Specialists (UEMS), to find out how policies have been put into practice in the European countries. Results Answers were received from 21 countries, representing 78% of the population in the EU-28. HBV vaccination was mandatory for medical and nursing staff in 10 countries, mandatory for other paramedical staff, medical and nursing students in nine countries, for paramedical students in eight countries. It was recommended in all other participating countries. Serotesting before vaccination was done in eight countries. The vaccination schedule most often used was 0, 1, 6 months (18 countries). Serotesting after vaccination was done in 18 countries, boosters were recommended in 14 countries. A non-responder policy, including testing for carrier state, was present in 18 countries. Discussion More consultation between key actors from MS at EU level could help to optimise the way this matter is dealt with in different MS in order to contribute to further reducing HBV transmission to HCWs Objective 1) To estimate the prevalence of insufficient sleep and poor sleep quality by different shiftwork status in a representative sample of the Taiwan working population. 2) To estimate PARs of sleep-related problems as related to shiftwork. Methods The data of 22 600 workers aged 20 to 65 years were retrieved from the Survey of Perceptions of Safety and Health in the Work Environment, a nationwide cross-sectional survey conducted in 2010. Insufficient sleep was defined as self-reported short sleep duration interfering with life or work activity. Sleep quality was categorised into very good, good, poor and very poor. Work shifts were classified into fixed daytime, evening, or night, rotating night shift, rotating shift not including night, and irregular. Multivariate logistic regression was used to calculate the ORs and then estimated PARs of sleep-related problems. Results Among all workers, shift status were as follows: fixed daytime shift 74.7%, fixed evening 10.6%, fixed night 2.3%, rotating night shift 5.3%, rotating shift not including night 2.0%, and irregular 5.2%. The highest prevalence of sleeprelated problems was observed among fixed night workers with insufficient sleep of 12.1% and poor sleep quality 3.5%. Fixed night shift was associated with the highest risk of both insufficient sleep (OR=3.20, 95% CI 2.41-4.18, p<0.0001) and poor sleep quality (OR=3.51, 95% CI 2.07-5.62, p<0.0001). The estimated PARs of insufficient sleep and poor sleep quality related to rotating night shift were 9.0% and 8.9%, respectively. Conclusions Night shiftwork was significantly associated with increased risk of insufficient sleep and poor...
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