We developed a method to facilitate maternal care in a giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) female that rejected her cub immediately after parturition. After removal of the cub, the female was systematically exposed to a regime of infantrelated stimuli, including a surrogate toy panda, accompanied by infant vocalizations and urine, and the mother's own milk. The female displayed several measures of maternal behavior toward the surrogate, for example, spending 61% of her time holding the surrogate in positions typical for the species. There was some evidence that maternal proficiency increased across the 4 weeks of the experiment. Results also indicate that the female was responsive to both infant vocalizations and urine, but not milk. After a transitional period in which we assisted the female in her efforts to nurse and groom the infant, all maternal care-giving responsibilities were returned to the mother. Over the next 3 months, the pattern of maternal care followed the species-typical course of declining mother-infant contact, grooming, overall interaction time, and responsiveness to the cub's vocalizations. This study marks the first successful reunification of a giant panda mother with an infant separated at birth and, it is hoped, will serve as a model for similar efforts elsewhere.
We developed a method to facilitate maternal care in a giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) female that rejected her cub immediately after parturition. After removal of the cub, the female was systematically exposed to a regime of infant‐related stimuli, including a surrogate toy panda, accompanied by infant vocalizations and urine, and the mother's own milk. The female displayed several measures of maternal behavior toward the surrogate, for example, spending 61% of her time holding the surrogate in positions typical for the species. There was some evidence that maternal proficiency increased across the 4 weeks of the experiment. Results also indicate that the female was responsive to both infant vocalizations and urine, but not milk. After a transitional period in which we assisted the female in her efforts to nurse and groom the infant, all maternal care‐giving responsibilities were returned to the mother. Over the next 3 months, the pattern of maternal care followed the species‐typical course of declining mother‐infant contact, grooming, overall interaction time, and responsiveness to the cub's vocalizations. This study marks the first successful reunification of a giant panda mother with an infant separated at birth and, it is hoped, will serve as a model for similar efforts elsewhere. Zoo Biol 19:53–63, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Background Feline panleukopenia (FP) is a highly contagious acute infectious disease caused by feline parvovirus (FPV). Parvovirus has a wide range of hosts, can infect many carnivores, and can remain infectious in the natural environment for a long time. Giant pandas are also susceptible to parvovirus. The viral enteritis of giant pandas caused by the virus infection poses a great threat to the survival of giant pandas. Therefore, screening out effective disinfectants is of great help for giant panda feeding management. Results The efficacy of four disinfectants against giant panda-derived FPV by determining viral titers, viral copies and viral hemagglutination after interacting virus with different disinfectants in the same amounts was evaluated. The virus titers decreased to 0 after treatment with peracetic acid (PAA), DuPont Virkon S (Virkon S) and glutaral and deciquam solution (JM). The inhibition by PAA was finally found to be most pronounced by determining viral copies. The virus hemagglutination titers decreased by 2 titers after 2 h of PAA treatment, and the virus hemagglutination titers decreased by 1 titer after Virkon S treatment. The immunofluorescence analysis showed that the PAA could effectively kill the virus within 1 h, while the JM and Virkon S took 2 h to achieve the killing effect. PAA, Virkon S, and glutaral and JM inhibited the production of viral structural protein within 1 h. Conclusions In this study, through multi-faceted comparison, the most effective disinfectant could be screened out, which could be used as a prevention and control disinfectant on panda origin feline panleukopenia virus, and provide reference opinions for giant panda disease control and prevention.
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