BackgroundOne out of ten of China's population are migrants, moving from rural to urban areas. Many leave their families behind resulting in millions of school children living in their rural home towns without one or both their parents. Little is known about the health status of these left behind children (LBC). This study compares the health status and health-related behaviours of left behind adolescent school children and their counterparts in a rural area in Southern China.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among middle school students in Fuyang Township, Guangdong, China (2007-2008). Information about health behaviours, parental migration and demographic characteristics was collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Overweight/obesity and stunting were defined based on measurements of height and weight. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to estimate the differences in health outcomes between LBC and non-LBC.Results18.1% of the schoolchildren had one or both parents working away from home. Multivariate analysis showed that male LBC were at higher risk of skipping breakfast, higher levels of physical inactivity, internet addiction, having ever smoked tobacco, suicide ideation, and being overweight. LBC girls were more likely to drink excessive amounts of sweetened beverage, to watch more TV, to have ever smoked or currently smoke tobacco, to have ever drunk alcohol and to binge drinking. They were also more likely to be unhappy, to think of planning suicide and consider leaving home.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that parental migration is a risk factor for unhealthy behaviours amongst adolescent school children in rural China. Further research is required in addition to the consideration of the implications for policies and programmes to protect LBC.

Long-term exposure to higher ambient air pollution levels was associated with lower lung function in Chinese schoolchildren, especially among boys. Adverse effects were observed on large and small airways, with a stronger effect on the latter.

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Objective: To evaluate usage of renal artery embolization (RAE) for renal injuries and discuss the indications for this treatment. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was performed evaluating the electronic medical records of all patients with renal trauma admitted to two major comprehensive hospitals in Shantou city from January 2006 to December 2015. Results: There were 264 and 304 renal traumatic patients admitted to hospital A and B, respectively. LGRT was the reason for presentation in the majority of patients (522, 91.9%). A total of 534 (94.0%) patients were treated conservatively. RAE was performed in 9 patients from 2012 to 2015 at hospital A, including in 6 patients (6/9, 66.7%) with LGRT, and 3 patients (3/9, 33.3%) with HGRT. No patient underwent interventional therapy (RAE) at hospital B during the same period. No signifi cant differences in the operative rate of hospital A were observed between the two time periods (2006-2011 and 2012-2015). The operative rate for LGRT between the two hospitals from 2006 to 2011 and 2012 to 2015 was not signifi cantly different. Hospital A showed a signifi cant decrease in the rate of conservative treatment for patients with LGRT. In the univariate and multivariate analyses, the AAST renal grade both were signifi cantly associated with undergoing RAE. Conclusions: LGRT was present in the majority of patients, and most cases of renal trauma could be treated with conservative treatment. RAE was well utilized for the treatment of renal trauma. However, some patients with LGRT were treated with unnecessary interventional therapy.

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese. Objectives: College students in China experience unhealthy behaviors such as smoking, drinking, sleep disorders, and sedentary lifestyles, which are common risk factors of chronic diseases. Lifestyle has a profound impact on one’s health. The researchers tried to explore and delineate college students’ motivations for a healthy lifestyle. Methods: 93 undergraduate students (59 males and 34 females; mean age 21.2 years) were interviewed. Verbatim transcripts were analyzed using a theory-directed approach following Self-Determination Theory (SDT). Results: Participants reported five types of health motivation that broadly fall under SDT: absence of motive, external, introjected, identified, and integrated. Sources for motivation identified included health literacy, the environment, and social relationships. Conclusions: Health practitioners in colleges in China should be sensitive to different types of motivation and factors that influence college students’ goals of practicing healthy lifestyles. Effective intervention programs for improving the motivation of college students should address issues related to perceived locus of causality. 目標：中國大學生存在如吸煙，酗酒，睡眠不規律，久坐等不健康的行為方式，這些行為方式是慢性疾病的常見風險因素。 生活方式對一個人的健康產生深遠的影響。在本研究中，研究者試圖探索和描述中國大學生選擇健康生活方式的動機。方法：共訪談了93名本科大學生(其中男性59名，女性34名，平均年齡21.2歲)，並以自我決定理論為依據，對訪談記錄文本進行分析。 結果：參與者大致報告了自我決定理論所描述的五類動機：即缺失的、外部的、攝入的、認同的和整合的等。健康動機的來源大致包括健康素養、環境因素和社會關係。結論：大學的健康實踐者應對影響大學生健康行為的五類不同的動機水準保持敏感，有效的以提高健康動機為目的的教育項目應著重解決因果關係感覺軌跡中的有關問題。