This paper reports the first photosynthetic study of marestail in Jiuzhaigou. In this work, we used PAM fluorometry to examine photosynthetic rates of submerged and emerged marestail in three lakes. Three lakes were studied across a gradient of water temperature, with low water temperature conditions in Grass Lake and Arrow Bamboo Lake, and higher water temperature in Five Colored Lake. In the field, electron transport rates (ETRmax) were measured as rapid light curves (RLCs) by in situ yield measurements. Submerged and emerged marestail showed higher photosynthetic activity in Five Colored Lake compared to the other lakes, a response consistent with the adaptation of marestail in Five Colored Lake to high water temperature. The optimal temperature for photosynthesis of submerged marestail in Jiuzhaigou was about 12 °C. Nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) of submerged and emerged marestail increased with increasing water temperature. Maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm) of submerged marestail in Five Colored Lake showed full recovery at 1700 h due to higher NPQ. Further, the chlorophyll a for submerged marestail was the highest in Grass Lake and the lowest in Five Colored Lake. These results indicate that in different lakes the function of these aquatic plants is associated with a diversity of place-dependent environmental conditions, especially water temperature that leads to pronounced differences in the plant's ecophysiological reactions.

Abstract. In this work, we used PAM fluorometry to examine photosynthetic characteristics of marestail (Hippuris vulgaris) across a water temperature gradient in three lakes. Three lakes were studied across a gradient in water temperature, with low water temperature conditions in Grass Lake and Arrow Bamboo Lake, high water temperature conditions in Five Colored Lake. Chlorophyll a concentrations of marestail differed strongly among the three lakes, with the highest value in Grass Lake. In three lakes, F v /F m of marestail declined as irradiance increased during the day, and recovered as light level decreased from noon until sunset. Photochemical quenching and non-photochemical quenching of marestail in Five Colored Lake were significantly higher than the other lakes. Our understanding of higher photosynthetic activity in Five Colored, as it relates to main environmental factors such as temperature.

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Background: This study will explore the association between tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and uterine fibroids (UFs). Methods: We will retrieve electronic databases in Cochrane Library, PUBMED, EMBASE, Web of Science, WANGFANG, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure from inception to the present. All potential case-controlled studies investigating the association between TNF-α and UFs will be included in this study. Two researchers will independently select literature, appraise study quality, and extract outcome data. We will utilize a fixed-effects model or a random-effects model to synthesize outcome data. All data analysis will be performed by RevMan 5.3 software. Results: The present study will supply high-quality synthesis and/or descriptive analysis of the recent evidence to explore the association between TNF-α and UFs. Conclusion: This study will exert evidence to determine whether or not TNF-α is associated with UFs. Study registration number: INPLASY202070010.