This paper provides a comparison of two wideiy used giobai precipitation datasets in soutiiern Africa:Tropicai Rainfail Measuring Mission (TRMM) and water and Giobai Change (WATCH) Forcing Data (WFD). We also evaluate the performance of the water and snow balance modeiling system (WASMOD-D) in a water baiance simulation of 22 gauged basins over the southern Africa region.Water baiance for southern Africa was simuiated using the two giobai datasets as input with regionaiized modei parameter vaiues. The resuits reveai that the speciai variation patterns of mean annuai precipitation from TRMM and WFD datasets and temporal changing trend are similar in southern Africa. However, they are quite different in terms of probability distributions. Simulation of WASMOD-D based on two datasets in southern Africa results in model performances of above 0.5 for Nash-Sutciiffe (NS) vaiues, beiow 10% for voiume error (VE) vaiues and a good reproduction of the observed fiow duration curves for the majority of the basins. Finaiiy, WFD data which have been bias corrected were observed to outperform TRMM data in southern Africa. The approaches and results described in this study contribute to the limited literature on regional hydroiogicai modeliing in the data-scarce region of southern Africa.
This study screened 151 pet-derived fecal specimens randomly collected from four commercial markets in northeast China for the presence of Cryptosporidium by genus-specific nested PCRs of the small subunit rRNA gene. Of these, 14 specimens (9.3 %) from nine species of birds, two types of rodents, and a hedgehog were positive for Cryptosporidium. Sequence analysis on the PCR-positive isolates facilitated identification of three Cryptosporidium species (C. baileyi, C. galli, and C. ubiquitum) and two Cryptosporidium genotypes (ferret genotype and avian genotype V). The study birds were affected predominantly with bird-specific C. baileyi (Atlantic canary, budgerigar, crested myna, rock dove, and silky fowl), C. galli (Chinese hwamei), and Cryptosporidium avian genotype V (Fischer's lovebird and rosy-faced lovebird). Cryptosporidium ferret genotype previously considered rodent-adapted was identified in three specimens from budgerigar, chipmunk, and red squirrel. Two specimens collected from common hill myna and hedgehog were positive for C. ubiquitum. The species of birds that can be colonized by Cryptosporidium were extended. Moreover, the data expanded the host range of Cryptosporidium ferret genotype and C. ubiquitum, especially the birds. The carriage of zoonotic C. ubiquitum in small caged pets is of public health importance.
Metal-isolated clusters (MICs) physically confined on photoactive materials are of great interest in the field of photosynthesis of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ). Despite recent important endeavors, weak confinement of MICs in the reported photocatalytic systems leads to their low catalytic activity and stability. Herein, we report a new strategy of fluorinated covalent organic frameworks (COFs) to strongly confine Pd ICs for greatly boosting the photocatalytic activity and stability of H 2 O 2 photosynthesis. Both experimental and theoretical results reveal that strong electronegative fluorine can increase the metal−support interaction and optimize the d-band center of Pd ICs, thus significantly enhancing the stability and activity of photocatalytic H 2 O 2 . An optimal TAPT-TFPA COFs@Pd ICs photocatalyst delivers a stable H 2 O 2 yield rate of 2143 μmol h −1 g −1 . Most importantly, the as-made TAPT-TFPA COFs@Pd ICs exhibit high catalytic stability over 100 h, which is the best among the reported materials.
The seasonal variability and spatial distribution of precipitation are the main cause of flood and drought events. The study of spatial distribution and temporal trend of precipitation in river basins has been paid more and more attention. However, in China, the precipitation data are measured by weather stations (WS) of China Meteorological Administration and hydrological rain gauges (RG) of national and local hydrology bureau. The WS data usually have long record with fewer stations, while the RG data usually have short record with more stations. The consistency and correlation of these two data sets have not been well understood. In this paper, the precipitation data from 30 weather stations for 1958-2007 and 248 rain gauges for 1995-2004 in the Haihe River basin are examined and compared using linear regression, 5-year moving average, Mann-Kendall trend analysis, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Z test and F test methods. The results show that the annual precipitation from both WS and RG records are normally distributed with minor difference in the mean value and variance. It is statistically feasible to extend the precipitation of RG by WS data sets. Using the extended precipitation data, the detailed spatial distribution of the annual and seasonal precipitation amounts as well as their temporal trends are calculated and mapped. The various distribution maps produced in the study show that for the whole basin the precipitation of 1958-2007 has been decreasing except for spring season. The decline trend is significant in summer, and this trend is stronger after the 1980s. The annual and seasonal precipitation amounts and changing trends are different in different regions and seasons. The precipitation is decreasing from south to north, from coastal zone to inland area.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.