Modeling time headways between vehicles has attracted increasing interest in the traffic flow research field recently, because the corresponding statistics help to reveal the intrinsic interactions governing the vehicle dynamics. However, most previous micro-simulation models cannot yield the observed log-normal distributed headways. This paper designs a new car-following model inspired by the Galton board to reproduce the observed time-headway distributions as well as the complex traffic phenomena. The consistency between the empirical data and the simulation results indicates that this new car-following model provides a reasonable description of the car-following behaviours.
Photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants from water bodies can efficiently reduce the organic pollutants in wastewater, which has broad application prospects. In this study, using CoFe 1.95 Sm 0.05 O 4 as a support, the Z-scheme heterojunction Ag 2 S/Ag/CoFe 1.95 Sm 0.05 O 4 was synthesized through a facile in situ deposition method followed by photo-reduction. Microstructure, phase structure, optical and magnetic properties of the samples were analyzed. Ag 2 S/Ag/CoFe 1.95 Sm 0.05 O 4 composite exhibited the highest catalytic activity, which dynamic constant (k) was 1.96, 2.71 and 7.24 times higher than those of Ag 2 S/Ag, Ag 2 S and CoFe 1.95 Sm 0.05 O 4 , respectively. Introduction of CoFe 1.95 Sm 0.05 O 4 could efficiently promote the separation efficiency of photogenerated charge carriers in Ag 2 S/Ag. And •O 2 and •OHwere proved to be the main active substances in the photocatalytic process. In addition, the as-prepared Ag 2 S/Ag/CoFe 1.95 Sm 0.05 O 4 composite could be quickly separated from the solution by an extra magnetic field after the photocatalytic reaction. Cyclic photodegradation test showed that the
PHI zeolite membrane was prepared by the secondary growth method on the surface of a porous α-Al2O3 disk support. The effects of the zeolite seed preparation method, secondary growth time, and temperature on membrane synthesis were investigated. The as-synthesized PHI zeolite membranes were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The XRD results show that PHI zeolite emerges on the support. The SEM results show that the support surface is fully covered by uniform and compact PHI zeolite membrane synthesized by the secondary growth method and the thicknesses of the membrane layer was found to be about 20 µm. The as-synthesized PHI zeolite membranes were used for dehydration of methanol (MeOH), ethanol (EtOH), isopropanol (IPA), and tert-butanol (TBA) solutions with different kinetic diameters. The influence of feed concentration on the separation performance was investigated by pervaporation tests. The results show that the PHI membranes exhibited excellent performance of the dehydration of alcohol/water mixtures. It was found that the flux and the separation factors of isopropanol and tert-butanol increased with the increment of the water amount in the feed and the separation factors of methanol and ethanol decreased slightly.
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