[Keywords: Biochemical genomics; protein microarray; proteome; high-throughput expression; galactose lethality; glycosylation] Supplemental material is available at http://www.genesdev.org.

To further understand the roles of protein glycosylation in eukaryotes, we globally identified glycancontaining proteins in yeast. A fluorescent lectin binding assay was developed and used to screen protein microarrays containing over 5000 proteins purified from yeast. A total of 534 yeast proteins were identified that bound either Concanavalin A (ConA) or Wheat-Germ Agglutinin (WGA); 406 of them were novel. Among the novel glycoproteins, 45 were validated by mobility shift upon treatment with EndoH and PNGase F, thereby extending the number of validated yeast glycoproteins to 350. In addition to many components of the secretory pathway, we identified other types of proteins, such as transcription factors and mitochondrial proteins. To further explore the role of glycosylation in mitochondrial function, the localization of four mitochondrial proteins was examined in the presence and absence of tunicamycin, an inhibitor of N-linked protein glycosylation. For two proteins, localization to the mitochondria is diminished upon tunicamycin treatment, indicating that protein glycosylation is important for protein function. Overall, our studies greatly extend our understanding of protein glycosylation in eukaryotes through the cataloguing of glycoproteins, and describe a novel role for protein glycosylation in mitochondrial protein function and localization.

We synthesized reversible terminators with tethered inhibitors for next generation sequencing. These were efficiently incorporated with high fidelity while preventing incorporation of additional nucleotides and were used to sequence canine bacterial artificial chromosomes in a single-molecule system that provided even coverage for over 99% of the region sequenced. This single-molecule approach generated high quality sequence data without the need for target amplification and thus avoided concomitant biases.

Over the past 5 years, protein-chip technology has emerged as a useful tool for the study of many kinds of protein interactions and biochemical activities. The construction of Saccharomyces cerevisiae whole-proteome arrays has enabled further studies of such interactions in a proteome-wide context. Here, we explore some of the recent advances that have been made at the '-omic' level using protein microarrays.

We present the application of an activity-based phage display method to identify DNA polymerases tailored for next generation sequencing applications. Using this approach, we identify a mutant of Taq DNA polymerase that incorporates the fluorophore-labeled dA, dT, dC, and dG substrates ~50 to 400-fold more efficiently into scarred primers in solution and that also demonstrates significantly improved performance under actual sequencing conditions.