PA stimulates Egr-1 expression via a calcium influx-MEK1/2-ERK1/2-Elk-1 cascade. Egr-1 attenuates PA-induced ER stress and apoptosis. Egr-1 maintains Akt survival pathway to protect β-cells from PA-induced apoptosis. Egr-1-deficient islets are prone to ex vivo stimuli of apoptosis. Human EGR1 expression correlates with genes for ER stress and anti-apoptosis.
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